Norma Fox Mazer :: Biography Biographies Essays

Norma Fox Mazer There are, and have been, umpteen great authors. One of my favorite authors is Norma Fox Mazer. I have had a few teachers recommend this author to me, so I decided to put down her books. They are entertaining. I like Normas books because she writes about things that happen in peoples lives, such(prenominal) as divorce and boy/girl problems. Her books are arouse, and make you call for to keep enounceing. I have read a couple of books by Norma, including Good Night, Maman. It is historical fiction, and about a Jewish girl who is taken from her mother, and travels to Fort Ontario in Oswego, fresh York. It is an excellent book because it is fun to read about Oswegos past. Another book I am reading is A, My nurture is Ami, which is enjoyable so far. Norma is a great author, and writes about realistic, but exciting subjects. Norma Fox Mazer is an interesting person. She was born on May 15, 1931 in New York City. Her family was Jewish, but as an adult she does not follow the Jewish religion. Norma grew up in Glen Falls, New York, and lived at the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains. Norma had a good childhood she went to school, love to read, and played the violin, then the bass fiddle, and finally the clarinet. She also had a truly vivid imagination. Normas family life was supportive. She had a mother, Jean (Garlen) Fox, a father, Michael Fox, and three sisters. Norma was the nerve center child. Normas dad was a route deliverer, delivering milk, bread, and other household items. Her mom was a saleslady. Farther up the family tree were Normas grandparents. They were Jewish immigrants from Poland, and owned a bakery. Norma remembers doing umteen things with her family, such as going to the candy store, the family listening to their mother itemize stories, the rhubarb that the family grew outside, and the cold winters with King of the Hill and skating. Normas family lived in many diametric apartments, but all the moving did not ruin her education. Norma Fox, which was her maiden name, had a good education. As a child, she went to elementary school.

Construction Management Essay

a.(1)Stanleys focus is on maximizing additions. This is the adapt stopping point because the end of any degraded, and therefore its financial manager, should be to maximize its value and by extensionthe wealthiness of the stockholders.(2)There is electric potential for an office staff problem if Stanley decides to go ahead and pull in the computer software developer. This investment will cause a temporary decline in the pelf per partake (EPS) of the firm which will mean few earnings at the present time for thestakeholders. This may be a problem if the goal of the shareholders is to gain moneysooner than later. However, it the goal of the shareholders is simply to maximize wealth,there may non be an dresser problem since the goal of the financial manager, Stanley, is the homogeneous as the shareholders.b. Since there is no preferred telephone circuit Earnings motional for common stockholders= Net Profit After Taxes No of shares of common stock outstanding = 50 000EP S = NPAT/ no. of shares of common stock outstandingEPS presentation a steady increase over the past five days indicating that Stanley is achieving hisgoal of maximizing cyberspace.c. OperatingCash Flow(OCF) for 2012OCF = Earnings Before enkindle and Taxes(1 Tax rate) + Depreciation OCF = EBIT (1 T) + Depreciation= $89 000 (1 0.20) + $11 000= $82 two hundredFree Cash Flow (FCF) for 2012FCF = OCF1 Net Fixed Assets Investments Net veritable Assets Investment FCF = OCF NFAI NCAINFAI = Change in net fixed assets + Depreciation= ($132 000 $128 000) + $11000 = $15 000NCAI = Chance in current assets Change in (Accounts Payable + Accruals) = ($421 000 $62 000) ($136 000 + $27 000) ($126 000 + $25 000)=$47 000 FCF = $82 200 $15 000 $47 000= $20 200Both the operating gold flow and the dispatch cash flow are positive indicating that Stanley wasable to generate adequate cash flow to cover both operating expenses and investments inassets. There was also $20 200 left over to pa y to investors.a.(1) Upon what financial goal does Stanley expect to be focusing? Is it the correct goal? Why or wherefore not? Stanley seems to be focusing on earn maximization, in another(prenominal) word the EPS performance. It is not the correct goal, as profits do not necessarily result in cash flows available to the stockholders, only when earnings increases are accompanied by increased future cash flows would a higher stock price be expected, therefore the stockholders wealth would be maximized.(2) Could a potential agency problem exist in this firm? Explain. There is a potential agency problem exist in this firm. First of all, he owns only 40% of the firm, besides he manages actively all aspects of its activities and the other stockholders are not active in perplexity of the firm, so he is an agent of the other owners. Secondly he is antipathetic to take more than moderate risk, which might jeopardize his goal of profit maximization and reduce his personal wealth, so there is a fight between owner wealth maximization and his personal goals.Scri Bd(a)Upon what financial goal does Stanley seem to be focusing? Is it the correct goal? Why or Why not? The financial goal that Stanley seems to be focusing on is maximizing the profitability of Track Software Inc. which is apparent in geezerhood 1997 to 2003 increases in net profit from ($50,000) to $48,000 respectively. His financial goal of profit maximization was also evident in his hesitance to hire a software developer because this would result in a salary cash outflow of $80,000 per year and lower the Earnings Per Share(EPS) in years to come.Par(1)Stanley is focusing on maximizing profit, as shown by the increase in net profits over theperiod1997 to 2003. His dilemma about adding the software designer, which would depress earnings for the costly term, also demonstrates his emphasis on this goal .Maximizing wealth should be the correct goal for a financial manager. Wealth maximization takes a l ong perspective and also considers risk and cash flows .Profits maximization does not integrate these three factors (cash flow, timing, risk) in the decision process(2) An agency problem exists when managers habitation personal goals ahead of corporate goals. Since Stanley owns 40% of the outstanding equity, it is unlikely that an agency problem would arise at Track SoftwareA.Maximization of shareholder wealth, which means maximization of share price,should be theprimary goal of the firm. Unlike profit maximization, this goalconsiders timing, cash flows, andrisk. It also reflects the worth of the ownersinvestment in the firm at any time. It is the value theycan realize should theydecide to sell their shares.B.Yes, there appears to be an agency problem. Although compensation for management is tied toprofits, it is not directly linked to share price. In addition,managements actions with regard topollution controls suggest a profitmaximization focus, which would maximize their ea rnings,rather than an attemptto maximize share priceEco Plastics Company ECO PlasticsEstablished in 2000, ECO Plastics Ltd is the UKs ahead(p) and highest case plastic bottle recycler producing plastics for soft drinks and milk bottles.ChallengeIn March 2011, the company signed a ten-year joint conjecture deal, a first in the UK drinks manufacturing industry, to supply the global enterprise with high quality food-grade recycled material (rPET). In order to achieve Coca-Colas target of including 25% rPET in all plastic packaging within Great Britain by 2012, ECO Plastics needed to puff up their premises. Jonathan Short, Managing Director of ECO Plastics Ltd said, We were thrilled to sign the joint venture deal with a company of the calibre of Coca-Cola and begin the next heavy step for our business organization. All we needed to do was secure the additional swell required to expand our premises and fund our operations.SolutionECO Plastics approached a bout of pay providers b ut found that due to the economic climate, lending was restricted. It was rugged at first to find the financial backing we needed to expand our business and meet the needs of our exciting venture with Coca-Cola, said Mr. Short. We approached crocked Brothers and discussed a structured finance solution, tailored to meet our specific business requirements. The deal was primarily a leasing contract, secured against our existing assets which incorporated invoice finance to fund our operations during the expansion.ResultThe combined asset-based financial platform of 18million provided by Close Brothers Invoice Finance and Close Brothers Leasing supported the construction and operation of the expansion to ECO Plastics processing plant, which completed in 2012. Without Close Brothers, we would have been futile to fulfil our agreement with Coca-Cola which would have not only been devastating to our business, but to the industry as a whole, said Mr. Short. Working with Close Brothers has afforded us with the opportunity to expand our business and realise our true growth potential as we continue to work toward becoming the world-leader in sustainable packaging.

Behind the Myth of Sisyphus Essay

The philosophical essay of The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus was written in France, in 1942. ostensibly during a very historical time of war in which had a lot of people on the edge. The piece of work written was actuate by what Camus thought ab turn off the situation during the time such as suicide, farcicality and happiness. The int pole of liveliness was defined in umteen various ways, and with that being said Camus had watch overn so frequently that he had different determine and searched for the virtue virtually behavior and its purpose, plus what motivated a secondary philosopher.Society took this essay as something very foolish and really didnt make love how to react to it but wonder how significationful is living and what is to be valued and what shouldnt be. People were on the edge save view about these kind of things. Especially during this time people didnt experience what to believe or what to ad resolve faith on as salutary because of the war. Which is wherefore society looked at this as dark comedy and couldve besides been an eye-opener to others as well. Just something to keep their minds off the situation that was occurring.The World fight II was happening at the moment and it was a historical incident for many. When the Germans invaded France, Camus joined the French Resistance. He was in it for four long old age and also wrote for a paper so he had to know a lot of information about the war. I am most veritable that from the experience having gone by dint of the war made him realize many things about the values of life. It was during this period that Camus formalized his philosophy that human life was sacred, no matter how inexplicable existence of life might be. (Bree). perceive the death toll from the war any one ordure see how sacred life is. That is when he gradually started looking into lifes philosophy and he came up with the conclusion that life was absurd. misunderstood as a philosophy of hopelessnes s. Camus did hold that life was absurd defying logical explanation, and ultimately irrational. However, Camus considered life priceless and worth defending. (Bree). Basically, if you had an explanation and reason to what you were doing in life and if you considered it meanful, and so it was meaningful. Other than that, according to Camuss philosophy it was absurd.While Camus was arranging and discovering sensitive thoughts about philosophy, he happened to write The Myth of Sisyphus. It was a Greek fabrication about a man named Sisyphus who was punished to repeat a unimportant task of herding a rock up a people and seeing it roll back d confess once it reached the top. Why push a rock if it is going to go down once again. However, it displace be nonsensical but and if it was interpreted that way. This essay was written when he came to seek about the meaningless and the ridiculousness of life. When Camus came to the conclusion whether to find the meaning of life was s uicide in a way it contradicted himself. Without man the absurd stern non exist. (Camus). Suicide is way to see how life is valuable but obviously impossible to tell and demonstrated it to others philosophically. There is but one very serious philosophical problem and that is suicide. Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of philosophy. (Camus). Therefore, suicide is well(p) really an absurd thing to do and impossible to prove the point.That it when Camus came up with the idea that happiness and silliness are similar. In The Myth of Sisyphus, Sisyphus goes through a struggle pushing the rock but once he reaches the top he is, I believe, ingenious for having perfect(a) it. He accomplished pushing it up after such a struggle. The struggle itself towards the high gear is enough to fill a mans heart. iodin moldiness imagine Sisyphus blessed. (Camus). Even though he was in a pretty situation he saw the bright side of it. Either you were happy and realizing there are worst things than pushing a rock up a mountain, or sad because of the good things other people take a crap that you didnt. However, flush though Sisyphus was happy for a moment, Camus thought it was absurd to be happy because Sisyphus knew his percentage when he would reach the bottom of the mountain. Camus compared this to real life and it is the same apprisedness that an absurd man has in his life.The war potently influenced Camuss thoughts. Historical revolt, rooted in metaphysical revolt, leads to revolutions seeking to close out absurdity by using murder as their central machine to take total control over the world. (Knopf). Philosophically, in the war murdering was eliminating absurdity and thinking that it would get that answer whether life is meaningful or not. immediately society believes life is meaningful, however, there are a few who tangle witht think so and therefore, they come down to committing suicide.That lead to Camus meddling to see whether life is meaningful or not. When you discovery that life is meaningless, you shtupt unrealized the truth about your life. You jackpott go back and live life while ignoring yourself that there is no purpose. Which again leads to suicide, who wouldnt want if knowing there is nothing for one in life at all. All you can have is hope for another(prenominal) day but even Camus argues that hope is not always a good thing it can also disappoint your expectations. I know it may seem confusing but as Camus believes that even the absurd cant be understood at times. So even if life is meaningless it is precious However, one cannot simply stress their own life and assume it is meaningless if you have not experienced everything. You cannot stress whether all you done was good or bad or if that was it in your life. Camus and Nietzsche are both similar in their own ways the only difference is that Nietzsche pursued for the truth about life and that life is meani ngful. Nietzsches point was that be wholly alive means being aware of the negative as of the positive, feeling pain, not shunning any experience, and comprehend even in its strangest and hardest problems. (Arson).Then that is when Camus seems quite confused because at number 1 he declares that life is meaningless and when he reaches the end he is pretty much concluding that life is to clearly by judged to be fall apart than others (Arson). Life is purely what we make of it and even Camus states at the very end of The Myth of Sisyphus that One moldiness imagine Sisyphus happy. (Camus). That is why I abstain that Camus was absurd and essentially everyone was too. In all it was an absurd contradiction. The main reputation shared thoughtout the course that can relate back and forth is truth and the good and evil. Camus mirrors Nietzsches own morality when he interrogates God as a moral voice. Both authors seem to start from a jolly humanistic viewpoint God is the constructed b eing, a named abstraction and an uplifted instance to distribute what is morally right and morally wrong. (Svenja) With that said how are we to judge ourselves to know what is wrong and right and from there on serve a purpose in life? If we judge ourselves to having done something evil we unremarkably feel bad and sometimes do the absurd and commit suicide. hardly even committing suicide is bad because you will never find out if there was meaning behind the a persons life.So you cant even eliminate all the evil from the world.  And if so, you cannot judge a person by their actions but philosophically judged on their intentions. these figures taste to re-feel themselves but they can only do so when they accept their passel as their own and not made by society. (Svenja) In magnitude to actually live life you must accept life and what becomes of it, meaningless or not, life will always be precious Correspondingly, Camus must face his truth. Like Sisyphus, we are our fate, and our frustration is our very life we can never escape it. (Satre) As a society thats why we all must accept the truth in life and that is our fate as well. No matter if it has value, you must continue living, committing suicide is not the answer and by doing so you will prove to others that there can be meaningless lives. You cant escape it and you cant be absurd in Camuss philosophy either. Camus even detects a level of absurdity in Nietzsches philosophy as well. fairness is that Camus is absurd, maybe he is searching for meaning of life so much that it becomes irrational.Which in that case leads to him believing about suicide but knew he was never even going to find meaning that way at all. He would be never be able to tell how valuable life is. Therefore, Camus must be happy about life and its meaning so he can actually live life as it is. The only problem philosophers have is that they can never admit that absurdity in their thoughts, so they make a reason and figure out a way o ut of it. Thats the only way you can actually live life in happiness and still have fate even though you believe there is no meaning behind life. If you search for your meaning in life you will just dedicate all your time doing so, and never actually living life. One must value life day by day. However, in a way I do agree with Camus because if you have fate about the next day being better and then being defeated about it, it is really saddening. So why have fate when you can just enjoy life as it goes and actually grab a value out of it. Just as Sisyphus did, when he actually became happy even though his fate was struggling all over again. He valued that he was doing better than other people who were suffering at the same time. I believe thats how people should be in life, you should always seek out the good in bad situations no matter what. It is the only way people can live in true happiness.Works CitedArson, Ronald, Albert Camus The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Spr ing 2012 Ed. Edward N. Zalta. ed. 2012. PrintBre, Germaine Camus, (New tee shirt Rutgers University Press, 1959, 1961)Camus, Albert. Myth of Sisyphus. 1942. PrintKnopf, A. Alfred. The Rebel An Essay on Man In Revolt, New York. 1954. Print.Svenja, Schrahe. Albert Camus and Friedrich Nietzsche Albert Camus Society. 2011. Print.

Literary Analysis Paper Essay

Retrieved Reformation is a short story ab aside a human beings physical bodyd esteem Valentine. In the acquirening of the story, he is being released from prison for his crimes of robbing banks and wisecrack into safes. After being released, he realizes that he wants to feel a manners of no crime. He becomes a dynamic character because he begins to dramatically change after meeting the love of his supportspan, Annabel Adams. He wanted to begin a revolutionary life.In A Retrieved Reformation, a stingy and unethical criminal come tod treasure Valentine is known from breaking into safes and robbing banks. In the initiative couple of pages of the story, we come to find that Jimmy was doing prison time because of the crimes that he would commit. On page 2 it states, He had served ten months of a four- year sentence. (pg 2)The reason that he only had to spend ten months was because the friends that he had were friends of the giving medication so they t honest-to-goodness th e judge to shorten the amount of prison time that Jimmy had to do. In this part of the story he is being released by a guard and he leave alones him some advice to stay out of trouble. Youll go out in the morning. Brace up, and make a man of yourself. Youre non a bad fellow at heart. Stop cracking safes, and live straight. (pg 3) This advice would soon help Jimmy realize that he has to get his new life together and learn how to keep himself out of things that would get him in trouble with the law.See more how to write an analysis paperAs soon as Jimmy Valentine was released from prison, the reader is shown many examples on how Jimmy Valentine is a dynamic character and how much he has changed throughout his life. The source example is as soon as Jimmy Valentine got released from jail, he started robbing banks again. hotshot day, he was walking around Elmore, the new town that he lived in, and stop in amazement of a woman whom he had never met before. Her name was Annabel Adams. Her father had owned the bank.He went to a nearby hotel and registered his name as Ralph D. Spencer and got a room. Jimmy came to Elmore in search of a location to go into business. He was talking to the clerk at the desk about shoe-store openings in the town. He assailable a shoe store to keep his mind interest instead of robbing banks. On page 7 the author states, He open a shoe-store and secured a good run of trade. Also, Jimmy Valentine legally got his name changed to Mr. Ralph Spencer because he wanted to start a brand new life and wanted to leave his bad memories and crimes behind him.Finally, in this time in this time in the story, Jimmy Valentine has completed changed his life around by becoming engaged and opening a business. Now all he has to do is sell his tools away to his friend because he doesnt exigency them anymore. On page 8, the author states I wouldnt touch a dollar of other mans money now for a million. This shows that he is sedate about not going back to h is old way of life and wants to stay out of troubles way. He wants his friend to meet him at a place named Sullys so that he can give him the kit of tools. Also, on page it, it says I wouldnt do another crooked thing for the whole world.Jimmy Valentine is trying very aphonic to keep his new life successful and crime-free. One day, Annabel and Jimmy go to the bank that Annabels father, Mr. Adams owned. Suddenly, they perceive a scream of a woman. They ran to where they heard it from. A nine-year old girl named whitethorn had shut Agatha in the vault. Mr. Adams essay to open the door. He said that it could not be opened because May had turned the knob on the door.Jimmy told everybody to be quiet. He cry into the vault to try to see if Agatha could respond to him. Her mother thought that she would founder in the vault of fright. Jimmy had done something that had surprised everyone. He opened his suitcase full of the tools that he was going to give away to his friend. He used those tools to crack into the vault like he had in his old life. He used a drill to open into the vault. Agatha was safe and collapsed into her mothers arms.

Role of agriculture

Agriculture is the dominant activity of poor countries such as Zimbabwe, which enhance our understanding of the dualistic. In the amplification of agribusiness in frugal culture, a leading question is how agriculture contri savees to economic ingathering and in that respect seems to be a paradox in the image of agriculture in economic development. A well- known economist Simon Kuznets wagered an imperative role in coming up with the roles of agriculture to economic development these drag in labour portion, foreign exchange contribution and the grocery store contribution.The sylvan heavens has preserved its position in the contribution to Zimbabwes economic ontogeny as seen by its appreciable contribution to the national Gross domestic help Product. For example, it has been eminent that the countrified orbit has made a convincing contribution to the national fiscus which was disturbed by unreliable rainfall patterns which hit nigh parts of the commonwealth in the la st season. Also, agriculture has maintained rod cell position in terms of its insert to parsimoniousnesss growth, having contributed 33, 9 per cent to the countrys Gross Domestic Product in year 2010.Labour contribution, as one of the major macro-economic objectives of any government to subside unemployment, agriculture plays a trivial role in economic development through the transfer of labour from the uncouth field to opposite domains of the economy, curiously to the industrial sector. In Zimbabwe agricultural sector stipulates income and employment not off the beaten track(predicate) from 60% to 70% of the total population, consequently agriculture is and then an economys beef in Zimbabwe.Simon Kuznets also emphasized that the marginal productiveness of labour is zero or close to zero, which means that when the marginal productivity of labour is zero, we flush toilet use the available labour that is from agricultural sector without affecting other sectors of the econ omy, which then advantage the economy as a whole. Foreign exchange contribution, despite the statistic that Zimbabwe is currently using the multicurrency system, therefore it passive demands foreign currency in-order to import groovy from other countries.The exportation of agricultural merchandises can resource the economy with foreign exchange for purchase of capital thoroughlys. In Zimbabwe most of our export earnings emanate from the agricultural sector with an input of about 40% of our total export earnings. The major contributors to the agricultural sector in Zimbabwes export are cash-crops such as tobacco and cotton, though cotton was not selling for this years harvest. Industrialization contribution, a overlarge and cumulative segment of economic growth during the process of development can be qualified to agricultures contribution to agribusiness.These undertakings of the agricultural sector provision the work, marketing and retailing of foodstuff, clothing, beverages a nd other associated goods for both domestic consumption and exports. According to Davis and Goldberg (1957), thus primary agriculture grows and evolves, reflecting agribusinesses, while agribusinesses grow and evolve reflecting primary agriculture. Also provision of stark materials to industries by the agricultural sector moderates the rate of imports of a country, thus may as a result lead to balance of payment redundant of a country.In addition this diminishes the overall production costs of a blotto as a result fair and affordable prices are charged, thereby increasing the demand for that particular product which will enforce producers to sum up their level of output so as to meet the current demand, and then economic growth. Food contribution, since food is a fundamental wage good in a developing economy, diversification of the economy is therefore possible upon domestic food producers producing a surplus, in excess of their own subsistence, which is large enough to feed a growing number of non-food producers.The agricultural sector factors in with a pivotal role in the supply of sensible material to the food producers of the economy. Market contribution, the agricultural sector, because of its sheer size, must initially be the major market for domestic industrial products. Farmers expenditures on industrial goods that are both consumer goods and producer goods, represent one aspect of agricultures market contribution to general economic development.According to Milton and Luther (1964), as farmers purchases of industrial goods have their counterpart in inter-sectorial gross sales of agricultural goods the agricultural sectors market contribution also includes the sale of food or other farm products to the non-agricultural sector, being accelerated by the adoption of smart agricultural technology. The role of production gene linkages to the process of industrialisation. Production linkages channels the put up of an autonomous increase in final d emand of the product for the apt(p) industry, not only on the output of that industry and the industry supplyingit with inputs, but also on output of other industry supplying the turn industry with inputs. Production linkages can be, backward or forward linkages. In general, production linkages quantify how several industries are connected together. Where poverty is a substantially rural phenomenon, which appears to be the case in most low-income countries, industrialization factors through raw materials to agro- affect industries for example food processing industries and textile.According to Alderman(1984),agro-processing industry can be defined, as a subgroup of the manufacturing sector that processes raw materials and intermediary products derived from the agricultural sector, for example forestry and agricultural crops. The founding of certain primary processing industries can lead to forward linkages, which is the ratio of intermediate output sales to other industries to a p roduction sector of industry to the total foster of sales to a final consumer.Backward linkages, measure the ratio of intermediate input purchases from other industries in that industry to the total value of the total production output. For example the metals and electrical sector provides a solid backward linkage to agricultural, mining and construction sectors, thereby increasing the overall output of a country and as a result this will increase the countrys Gross Domestic Product, consequently economic growth.In conclusion, agriculture is indeed important to economic development and also production linkages to industrialisation play a trivial role. However land reform also plays a crucial role to economic development through promoting equity, employment creation, market surplus and productivity. UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS NAME FARAI MPOFU REG R117753A COURSE ECON 211 category 2012 QUESTION How would you evaluate internet informa tion sources giving examples.

Actions Of A Teacher Who Is Behaviorist

Actions of a instructor who is behaviorist As a behaviorist, you retrieve that looking intromits place when knowledge is separated into sm entirelyer bits. Students atomic number 18 rewarded for successful answers. Instruction focuses on conditioning the bring outers behavior. erudition involves repeating and connecter and is highly mechanical. Behaviorist leaning instillers focus on a untried behavioral pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic.(Sc man) The role of the behaviorist instructor is providing stimulus material and prompting the correct response, while the learners role is to be the receiver of the information response until the behavioral change is permanent. (Applications of acquire Theories) Teachers with a behaviorist leaning view errors as non enough conditioning. Without repetition and proper conditioning, students on the wholeow for make mistakes. Behaviorism can to a fault be thought of as a form of family line fashion management. Behavior ists reckon human beings atomic number 18 shaped entirely by their external surroundings.If you alter a persons environment, you volition alter his or her thoughts, pure t integrityings, and behavior. The system is based on rewards and punishments. Behaviorists swear that if teachers provide incontrovertible reinforcement, or rewards, whenever students perform a desired behavior, they pass on learn to perform the behavior on their own. The same concept applies to punishments. Behaviorists moot people act in response to internally or outwardly generated physical stimuli. They basically consider human nature to be the intersection of ones environment.An physical exertion of behaviorism is when teachers reward their class or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good behavior throughout the week. The same concept is apply with punishments. The teacher can take away certain privileges if the student misbe restrains. 2. Actions of a teach er who is progressivist Progressivists believe that individualisation, progress, and change argon fundamental to ones education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives, progressivists concentrate on their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students.Progressivist teachers move making take interesting and useful by planning lessons that enhance curiosity. In a progressivist tutor, students be actively reading. The students interact with one another(prenominal) and develop social qualities such as cooperation and tolerance for different takes of view. In addition, students solve problems in the classroom similar to those they provide encounter in their allday lives. Progressivists believe that education should be a process of ongoing growth, not just a preparation for becoming an adult. An obvious example of progressivism would be our class.We atomic number 18 in groups a lot and we actively learn through discussion. We talk more or less how what we read can be incorporated into our future tenet careers. Dr. Theodore takes into account the suggestions from the previous semesters students and modifies his class accordingly. My reflections pg. 15 As a future teacher, I must(prenominal)iness hear that I am watchful to organize my classroom in ways to excite my students. I believe most strongly in the constructivist philosophy of teaching. I believe a constructivist teacher should be a elapse for the student.My classroom will be full of motivational words and pictures, with bright colors. I lack thither to be something on e genuinely wall that will inspire my students to ask questions. I want my students to think critically with my guidance and support. I regain it is main(prenominal) for my students to feel safe inwardly the walls of my classroom and feel free to explore their environment and hold their own information. Through experiences and investigation, the students within my classroom will continue to take steps forward to their educational and emotional development.I also believe that electric razorren should grow to recrudesceher. Although some students may be advanced, while others may commit special needs, I think it is important to start at one point. Occasionally, some students may need sustain in order to reach the ability of other students, only through guidance and support I want to allow each child to grow individually. Differentiated instruction will be vital be to help oneself assist students on different learning levels. Moreover, each students individuality should be considered when planning activities and molding each application for them personally.I want to en confident(predicate) that each student is being challenged, no matter what their starting level may be. My educational philosophy is simple I believe all children have the right to an enriching education I believe all children are unique and need a safe an d enriching environment to learn and grow, emotionally and in stateectually. Education is the stepping stone to a childs future and it is important to make sure every student learns what they need, in order to help them succeed in their adult lives.As a future teacher, the three areas I believe will make my classroom efficient and motivating to my students are (1) teaching as though I am guiding my students through the knowledge I present to them (2) giving my students the freedom to let their curiosity take them get on and (3) encouraging my students to pry their peers and the things of the world. I plan to hold my students to the highest expectations because I feel that is my obligation. I want my students to know they can achieve anything, just as long as they put their minds to it.I will be consecrate-minded and will always encourage creative thinking. I want the activities my students participate in to be intrinsically motivating. The Russian psychologist Vygotsky emphasizes the idea of allowing students to work together and help each other learn. This can be done through support assisting students in the early stages of learning and slowly decreasing the assistance and permit students figure things out independently. I want my students to learn through interactions with their peers and be able to use their minds and construct their own ideas about what information I give them.This idea comes from the constructivist theory of learning giving students the freedom to utter and apply ideas through the information they receive. My desire is to have the students be all told satisfied in learning new and even challenging things and that they are fully engaged in what they are learning. I want their learning to be of the purest nature and I want them to really enjoy every aspect of learning. I want my students to feel comfortable in my classroom, so I plan to come to class everyday with a smile, an open heart, and a sense of humor.Teaching comprises many aspects, but the one aspect I feel that is most important is stirring the minds of students, letting their curiosity take them into learning, and allowing them to enjoy the rewards of their achievements. That said, the importance of philosophy in education is the fact that it is the animal foot in which all academic teaching and intellectual learning is strengthened off. My future application pg. 16 Learning encompasses three broad domainsknowledge, behaviours and attitudes.When we create a positive environment for learning, we set the conditions for students to move through a range of behaviours in each domain, from simple to increasingly complex, until they achieve hyponymy of the course learning outcomes. The challenge of creating a positive learning environment is one that all teachers face regardless of the physical environment in which learning takes place. Learning can occur in many settings, not just in the classroom. Accordingly, the term classroom in this book is used f iguratively and includes a wide range of learning environments.Creating a positive learning environment is the cornerstone of effective teaching. In order for our students to succeed, they must low believe they can succeed. Students must have confidence in their abilities and they must feel that the teacher shares that confidence. A positive learning environment nurtures these feelings by allowing students to explore and expand their knowledge without undue risk or fear. A positive environment is fostered when learning outcomes and expectations are clearly communicated to the student.Students have a wide range of learning needs and styles, and this diversity must be taken into account in employing a variety of teaching strategies. The size of the classroom, the arrangement of the furniture, the functioning of equipment and other physical aspects of the class all contribute to, or detract from, the learning environment. When these factors can be manipulated to be positive influences , an environment more conducive to learning will be created. Creating a positive learning environment is the cornerstone of effective teaching.As teachers we are accountable to our students, as strong as to their future employers. Clearly , there is no one right combination of elements that will magically will in a positive climate for learning for every student. Creating and maintaining a positive learning environment is an ongoing process. Clearly, there is no one right combination of elements that will magically result in a positive climate for learning for every student. The methods you devise will be uniquely yours and will reflect your own personal style and the philosophy, direction, goals and skills of your particular program, faculty and students.You will bring your own creativity as a teacher to build on the wide variety of experience of teachers crossways a range of disciplines. In teaching and learning Teaching and Learning provides leadership, service, and support in the development, implementation, and dissemination of learning standards in all program areas. We support school districts and their educators in delivering high quality instruction of the learning standards that ensures students achieve at high levels. Clarity of communication, collaboration, coordination, and commitment are the issue values that guide our work.Addressing diversity of learners The guiding research question How well brisk pre-service teachers believe themselves to be to teach students of diversity? -provided an effective elbow room of ascertaining the effectiveness of one universitys teacher preparation program as it relates to this issue. Discovering the pre-service teachers perspective was germane to this study for identifying the degree to which the teacher preparation curricula and field-based experiences influenced their beliefs about diversity thus preparing them for teaching students of diversity.It became evident that these future teachers had differ ing meanings of diversity and there was a perceived disconnect between how well the curricula compared to their field experiences prepared them to teach diverse populations. The purpose for conducting this study has been twofold. First, the objective was to learn how prepared the students in our teacher education program perceive themselves to be to teach the diverse student populations nominate in an ever-increasing amount of public schools. Learning this information can influence policy and practices in this Universitys teacher education program.Having conducted this study for this primary purpose, it is encouraging to have research grind decisions that address the issues of enhancing diversity training in teacher preparation programs. MY OBSERVATIONS 1. schoolroom Arrangement The classroom I observed was the first grade class of Mrs. Wunderlin at Winchell Elementary School. The students desks were arranged into groups of six. I believe that the students desks were arranged int o groups to promote social interaction, which builds a union for the students. When the students sit in groups it is easier for them to work as a team.The classroom also consisted of a reading area, which had a variety of books. thither were picture books and chapter books that cover low, average and advanced reading levels. In the book binding corner of the room there was a math area. The math area had several containers of manipulative objects that students could use to solve mathematical problems such as rods and cubes. Along the back wall of the classroom were two computers. Above the computers were fritters of the students and above each photograph were a drawing of a self-portrait created by that student.This is a great action to use at the beginning of the year that helps students get to know the label and faces of their classmates. I really enjoyed looking at them and will do this activeness in the future. At the front of the classroom was the teachers desk contermino us to the room. Beside the teachers desk was a word wall. Word walls are resplendent tools to use in the classroom. On the board Mrs. Wunderlin had the daily schedule which was reading, spelling, luncheon/activity, story time, math, music, social studies, and ending with science. Also on the board were a class number grid and a clock to learn how to tell time.Next to the board was a bulletin board that had a calendar on it. All these items are essential to have in a first grade classroom. It did seem that students shared ownership in the classroom. They are allowed to have water bottles on their desks and a toolbox as the teacher suggestred to it, which was a small plastic container that the students put their writing utensils in. Besides from allowing students to have items on their desks during class time, students didnt have to ask to use the restroom, they just get up even when the teacher is talking.The students also had a respect guide that was located on the wall so they c an always refer to it. The respect guide is, for every letter in the word respect stood for a word that students should follow in the classroom. The letter R for responsibility, E for effort, S for solving problems, P for perseverance, E for empathy, C for confidence, and T for teamwork. I loved this idea and will add it to my list of things to have in my classroom. 2. Bulletin board display I went around the School Areas and I saw different Bulletin Board Displays located from the first to troika floor.In every level of Basic Education, they have their own bulletin board display. Some are colorful and some are simple. The contents found are the list of the pupils with their pictures, lists of their subjects and their academic performances, schedules, word for the day, eye-openers, legacy of excellence, achievements, and the like. There are no misspelled words used in the display, the messages are clear, minute and consistent, the colors and designs always suit the interest and ag e of the pupils. 3. School resort area I love going there its such a celebration of the carefree spirit that all kids possess.The rear entrance to the school requires a short walk across two huge sports fields, which are always occupied by screaming, laughing, playing, running kids. There are books and chapters in books and no doubt countless pages on the internet describing various techniques for undertaking this part of a childs assessment. Over the years I have practiced, I must have looked at hundreds of examples. For a get up or teacher seeking information on observation techniques it must seem very confusing. The following techniques are the methods I have settled on and used successfully for years both are very simple.I always use both techniques sometimes in sequence but more often in tandem. If you are new to observation I would suggest doing them in sequence, you will naturally begin to use them in tandem as you gain experience. All you need is a poster pad a pen and a watch. 4. Learning resource center Learning resources can be broadly defined to include books, libraries, bookstores, consultants, teachers, newspapers and journals, computers, online services just about anything that will either act as a source of learning or as a point of access to other learning resources.Until we start looking for them, many of us are unaware of the existence of these resources or under-estimate their potential value 1. discriminate routines Co-Curricular Activities are positive outgrowths and extensions of the regular curriculum in the schools. A co-curricular activity is one generated for a class or course, with the idea that all students fighting(a) in the class or course may be involved. Extra-curricular activities are those which contribute to the spirit of the school, personal growth of the participant and the positive aspects of school participation but do not offer credit.

The Two-Minute Speech

dour roughly over two minutes, the Gettysburg Address is one of the best know speeches in American history. In the Gettysburg Address, author Abraham capital of Nebraska puts hope into the police wagon of Americans of a new nation brought up from the ashes of the American Civil fight and the noble men that fought to preserve its judgment in indecency and the comparison of all men.Lincolns wrangling deliver a sense of congruity and wholehearted role among Americans in his Gettysburg Address. In the first paragraph, Lincoln states his belief that all men are created equal, an allusion to the Constitution. He is asserting that emancipation of all men, including slaves, is backed by the law of the land. Lincoln never uses the words I or you to address his audience, but instead uses we, our, and us, to appoint ethos and connect with the crowd before him and Americans in generalthe North and the South.Moreover, he repeatedly says we throughout his speech to emphasize his goal fo r unity. In the thirdly sentence of the third paragraph, Lincoln uses parallelism in little vs. commodious and we say vs. they did to make a point that the fight to defend their commonwealths values of liberty and freedom from their soldiers will not be forgotten. Again he reveres their nobility in the first sentence of the comparable paragraph , repeating we cannot in front of dedicate, consecrate, and put on (this ground), using hyphens between each statement to create emphasis. Lincoln builds up to his ultimate message, the climax of the paper That Americans shall make it their duty to instruct that the rights of man which Union soldiers so righteously defended shall never again be neglected.He goes on by addressing the great task remaining before them, which is thatwe give as much devotion to the cause as those who died for it, that we highly go under that these dead shall not pass water died in vain, and that this nationshall have a new birth of freedom, creating, with this use of anaphora, and intensity that makes his listeners belief proud while also giving them a sense of purpose/cause. Finally, Lincoln uses asyndeton to close off his speech by affirming that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth, promising abrighter future. Lincolns Gettysburg Address reassured Americans that their soldiers did not die in vein, for the freedom and liberty of man would never cease to be defended.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 4

November 5, 1864It impressions same so long ago, more everywhere in reality footling measure has passed since my trans approach patternation, since my father dash slayed me. It was barely a calendar month past that Damon and I tried to save Katherines life, and her blood saved ours. Barely a month since I was a living, fightm-blooded hu humankind, who sustained himself on meals of meat and veget qualifieds, cheesef economic crisiser and wine and who slept in a feather bed, with clean linen sheets. unless it feels alike a life date, and by some definitions, I suppose it is. but just as quickly as my fortunes rancid afterward(prenominal) y byhful Orleans, leaving me to live as a vagrant in a rocky hollow in the park, here I am at a proper desk under a leaded window, a wooden-headed rug at my feet. How quickly I am slipping indorse into human waysThe Sutherlands seem like a kind family. I picture tempestuous Bridget and her long-suffering older child as mirror version s of Damon and myself. I never appreciated how harmless Damons and my fathers fights were digest when they were just more or less horses and girls. I was always terrified hotshot of them would declare or do something that would end forever what semblance of a family we had left.Now that my father is pulseless and my br new(prenominal) and I are . . . what we are, I realize how much more serious things understructure get, and how simple and easy life was before.I shouldnt evening stay here, even to dark. I should sneak out the window and take to the woods to my place of exile. Being enfolded in the warm, living embrace of the Sutherland family for any get along of time, no matter how short, is dangerous and deceptive. It makes me feel like I could more or less belong to the world of humans again. They dont realize they bewilder welcomed a pirana into their midst. All that would lease to happen is for me to lose control once, to slip from my agency right now and take my fill of unrivaled of them, and their lives would be fill with tragedy just as mine became when Katherine arrived on our doorstep.Family has always been the approximately important thing to me, and I would be lying if I didnt as move how comforting it is to be among people who love one a nonher, if provided for one borrowed night. . . .For the first time since Id left New Orleans, I rose with the sun, mantled to slip out of the mansion and disappear into the morning mists before anyone came to excite me. only it was hard to resist the pull of crisp linen sheets, the downy mattress, the shelves of books, and the painted ceiling of my fashion.After admiring the fresco of winged cherubs above me, I pushed off the soft covers and oblige myself out of bed. Every muscle in my body rippled under my pale skin, all-embracing of strength and Power, but every bone in my rib cage showed. The Sutherlands had taken my clothe to be washed but hadnt given me a nightshirt. I enjoyed the sense of touch of morning sunlight on my flesh, the glowing warmth fighting with the mantle in the room. Though Id never forgive Katherine for turning me into a monster, I was grateful at least for her lapis lazuli ring that protected me from the suns otherwise fatal rays.The window was open the slightest bit, ushering a cool breeze into the room and setting the diaphanous curtains aflutter. Though temperature no longer affected me, I closed the window, locking the latch with some puzzlement. I could spend a penny utter all the windows had been shut tight final night. Before I had time to further consider the matter, the tell-tale thump of a heartbeat sounded close by, and after a light knock, the door cracked open. Lydia stuck her head in, then right off blushed and looked away from my nearly naked form.Father was unnerved you might tense up to issue without saying good-bye. I was sent to make sure you didnt conquer a maid into helping you.Im hardly in a ground to snea k away, I tell, covering my chest with my arms. I will need my pants to do that.Henry will be up concisely with your trousers, freshly pressed, she state, keeping her eyeball on the ground. In the meantime, on that point is a bathing room just down the hall to the right. Please feel free to refresh yourself, and then come down to breakfast.I nodded, public opinion trapped.And, Stefan. Lydia looked up briefly and met my eye. I do hope youll be able to locate a shirt as well(p). Then she smiled and slipped away.When I in conclusion came downstairs for breakfast, the entire Sutherland clan was waiting for me even Bridget, who was alive and stuffing toast into her human face like she hadnt eaten in a fortnight. Except for a slight paleness to her complexion, it was impossible to tell that shed nearly died the night before.Everyone turned and gasped as I approached. Apparently, I cut a different escort from the hero in shirtsleeves the night before. With freshly polished fine Italian shoes, neat pants, a new clean shirt, and a borrowed jacket Winfield had sent up for me, I was every inch the gentleman. Id even washed my face and combed my hair back.Cook made you some grits, if you like, Mrs. Sutherland said, indicating a whorl of gloppy white stuff. We dont usually indulge, but thought our Southern guest might.thank you, maam, I said, taking the empty seat next to Bridget and eyeing the spread on the large wooden table. After my mother passed away, Damon, my father, and I made it a habit to dine casually with the men who we employed on the plantation. eat was often the simple stuff of workers, hominy and biscuits, bread and syrup, rashers of bacon. What was laid out at the Winfield residence put to shame the finest restaurants in Virginia. English-style toast in diffused wire holders, five different types of jam, two kinds of bacon, johnnycakes, syrup, even freshly squeezed orange tree juice. The delicate plates had hot Dutch patterns, and there was more silverware than I was change to seeing at a formal dinner.Wishing I pacify had a human appetite and ignoring the fire in my veins that thirsted for blood I pretended to dig in.Much obliged, I said.So this is my little sisters savior, said the one woman in the room I didnt know.Allow me to put out the eldest of my daughters, Winfield said. This is Margaret. First married. And first with grandchildren, were hoping.Papa, Margaret admonished, before turning her attention back to me. Pleased to meet you. Where Bridget was full of life and the plumpness of youth and Lydia was the elegant, urbane one, Margaret had something of a practical and inquisitive good sense, an earthiness that showed in questioning blue eyes. Her hair was black and inclined to straightness.We were just discussing what prompted my childs rash actions, Winfield said, bringing the colloquy back to the previous night.I dont know why I ran off, Bridget bulk largeed, drafting deeply from a cup of orange jui ce. The older sisters gave each other looks, but their father leaned closer, worry lines marring his forehead. I just felt that I absolutely had to leave. So I did.It was foolish and dangerous, her mother reprimanded, shaking her napkin. You could have diedI am glad to see you are doing so well today, I said politely. Bridget grinned, displaying teeth that had little bits of orange pulp stuck in them.Yes. About that. Margaret spoke up, tapping her egg spoon on the side of her plate. You say you prime her cove ruddy in blood in the park?Yes, maam, I answered warily, taking the smallest piece of bacon on my plate. This sister sounded more astute than the others and wasnt afraid to ask uncomfortable questions.There was a lot of blood, and Bridgets dress was torn. Margaret pressed, Did you keep it odd that there was no actual wound?Uh, I stammered. My oral sex raced. What could I say? The blood was someone elses?I thought there was a knife wound last night, Mrs. Sutherland said, purs ing her lips and thinking. But it was just clotted blood, and wiping it down cleared it away.Margaret pierced me with her eyes.Maybe she was afflicted with a epistaxis . . . ? I mumbled lamely.So youre saying that you didnt see any attacker when you came upon my sister? Margaret asked.Oh, Meggie, you and your interrogations, Winfield said. Its a miracle that Bridge is all right. Thank goodness Stefan here found her when he did.Yes. Of course. Thank goodness, Margaret said. And what were you doing in the park last night by yourself? she continued smoothly.Walking, I said, same as I had answered her father the night before.In the bright light of morning, it struck me as odd that Winfield had asked me nobody more than my name and why Id been in the park. In times like these, and after his daughter had just suffered a great blow, it was hardly banner to accept a unusualr into ones home. Then again, my father had offered refuge to Katherine when shed arrived in Mystic Falls, playing t he part of an orphan.A nagging piece of me wondered if our explanation could have ended differently, if the entire Salvatore brood would still be alive, if only wed pressed Katherine for answers some her past, rather than tiptoeing just just about the tragedy shed claimed had taken her parents lives. Of course, Katherine had Damon and me so deeply in her thrall, perhaps it would have made no difference.Margaret leaned forward, not politely giving up the way Winfield had the night before. Youre not from around here, I take it? Im from Virginia, I answered as she opened her mouth to form the next, obvious question. In a strange way, it made me feel better(p) to offer this family something real. Besides, soon enough I would be out of this house, out of their lives, and it wouldnt matter what they knew about me.Whereabouts? she pressed.Mystic Falls.Ive never heard of it.Its fairly small. honest one main street and some plantations.There was some shuffle movement under the table, and I could only assume that either Bridget or Lydia was trying to give Margaret a good kick. If the blow was successful, Margaret gave no sign. be you an educated man? she continued.No, maam. I planned to study at the University of Virginia. The war put a stop to that.War is good for no one, Winfield said as he stabbed a piece of bacon with his tell.The war put a stop to much casual travel back and forth surrounded by the states, Margaret added.Whats that to do with anything? Bridget demanded.Your sister is suggesting that its an odd time for me to come north, I explained. But my father recently died. . . .From the war? Bridget demanded breathlessly. Lydia and Mrs. Sutherland glared at her.Indirectly, I answered. A war had claimed my fathers life, a war against vampires against me. My town . . . it burned, and there was nothing left for me anymore.So you came north, Lydia said.To try your hit at business, maybe? Winfield suggested hopefully.Here was a man with three daughters, three beautiful daughters, but no sons. No one to share cigars and brandy with, no one to push and encourage and compete with in the world of business. I was both worried and amused by the inkling in his eye when he looked at me. Surely there were families with sons in Manhattan who would make for more auspicious marital alliances.Whatever I can do, I aim to make my way in the world on my own, I replied, taking a sip of coffee. I would have to, without Lexi or Katherine to guide me. And if I ever saw Damon again, the only thing he would guide me toward was a newly sharpened stake.Where are you living? Margaret continued. Do you have family here?I cleared my throat, but before I had to tell my first real lie, Bridget groaned.Meggie, Im bored of this interrogationA hypnotism of a smile bloomed on Lydias lips, and she quickly hid it behind her napkin. What would you prefer to communion about?Yourself? Margaret said with an arched brow.Yes, actually Bridget said, looking around the t able. Her eyes glowed as commonality as Callies, but with her petulance on full display, she no longer reminded me of my lost love. I still dont know why I ran out on the party.Margaret rolled her eyes. Lydia shook her head.I mean, you should have seen the looks I got she started up, waving her knife in the air for emphasis. Floras dress was the worst, especially considering shes a newly married woman. And my new sash oh no, was it ruined last night? I would hate to have it ruined Mama Was it on me when Stefan brought me home? We have to go back to the park and look for itHow about we go back to the park and look for the person who tried to kill you, Margaret suggested.Weve already had a discussion with Inspector Warren about it. He promises a thorough investigation, Mrs. Sutherland said. But, Bridget, you must promise not to run off from the Chesters ball this evening or I will be forced to stand watch over you in your bedroom.Bridget crossed her arms over her chest with a huff.A nd neither shall you run off, Mrs. Sutherland said more pointedly to Lydia. The middle sister blushed.Lydia has fallen in love with an Italian count, Bridget confided, her pout evaporating as she indulged in gossip. We all hope he asks her hand in marriage wouldnt that be splendid? Then wed all be like royalty, sort of, and not just rich merchants. Imagine, Lydia a countessWinfield laughed nervously. Bridget . . .Bridget fluttered her thick eyelashes. Its so wonderful that Lydia has a suitor, much less a count. After Meggie was wed, I was afraid Mother and Papa would become traditional and not let me marry until Lydia did and who knew how long that was going to take.Lydia is . . . particular, Mrs. Sutherland said.Oh really, Mama, Bridget rolled her eyes. As if anyone even had an come to before. And now she has a count. Its really . . . its really not fair, you know, if you think about it . . . if I had a proper coming out . . .I shifted in my seat, at once embarrassed for everyone , and yet glad to be snarled in something as ordinary as a family squabble. This was the first time Id been among company since leaving Lexi in New Orleans.So many handsome, strange men in our lives these days, Margaret said, somewhere between whimsy and warning. What an odd coincidence, Mr. Salvatore. mayhap I neednt make the grand tour, after all.Hush now, Margaret, Winfield said.And actually I have no one to go to the Chesters with anyhow, Mama, Bridget was continuing, actually growing red in the face as if she was trying quite hard to cry. She looked at me sidelong the entire time. I am sure Milash wont escort me after last night. . . . I am in dire need of rescue. . . .Bridget widened her green eyes at her father. Winfield frowned and stroked his muttonchops thoughtfully. In that moment, Bridget seemed as powerful as a vampire, able to compel her father to her every wish. Margaret put a hand to her head as if it ached.Mr. Salvatore will take you, Winfield said, gesturing at me with a fork full of biscuit. Hes rescued you once Im sure hes a gentleman who wouldnt leave you in distress again.All eyes were turned on me. Bridget perked up, happy at me like a kitten just offered a whorl of cream.I balked.Im afraid I havent the proper attire . . . I began.Oh, that is solve easily enough, Mrs. Sutherland said with a knowing smile.Once again, Lydia murmured, too low for anyone else to hear, we are holding poor Mr. Salvatore at our mercy. With pants.

Hydraulics and Hydrology Lec

48362 HYDRAULICS and HYDROLOGY James E B any Hydrology Component SUBJECT exposit 1 CONTACTS ? Assoc Prof James Ball ? ? ? james. email&160protected edu. au ph 9514 2623 Office Hours ? ? Monday 200 400pm Contact by email for troth SUBJECT CONCEPT The objective of this segment of the subject is ? Introduce plan hydrology ? Introduce hydrological processes ? Introduce flood estimation and ? Introduce engineering hydrology applications in peeing alternatives management. 2 SUBJECT CONCEPT This introduction is aimed at ? Providing an mightiness to apply commonly utilise methods in hydrology and ?Provide an understanding of the conjecture behind these methods. REFERENCES Three references that may be useful ar ? utilise Hydrology Chow, Maidment &038 mays, McGraw-Hill Book Co. ? Hydrology An Australian Introduction Ladson, Oxford University Press ? Australian peltingfall &038 overflow A Guide to barrage melodic theme Engineers Australia No published persist stemmas are available for this subject. 3 SUBJECT DOCUMENTS UTS-Online will be used for distribution of ? Copies of lambast slides ? Reading material and ? Tutorial problems. Students should note that surplus reference books may be noted in the lecture slides.LECTURE twist Each Hydrology lecture period will comprise ? 2 hr lecture and ? 1 hour tutorial. It is expected that students will have accessed the lecture slides, reading material and tutorials prior to the lecture period. 4 SUBJECT TIMETABLE troth Topic 27 February Hydrology and pee Resources 5 March Meteorology 12 March Hydrologic Data 19 March shape up body of urine system 27 March Storm overflow 2 April Hydrologic determination 9 April Design Rainfall 1 May Peak Flow Estimation 7 May Hydrograph Estimation Part 1 13 May Hydrograph Estimation Part 2 14 May Environmental Flows 21 May Water Sensitive Urban Design 4 JuneCourse Review HYDROLOGIC troll Lecture 1 5 CONTENT ? Introduction to Hydrology ? Development of Hydrolo gy ? Hydrologic circle ? Australian Hydrology INTRODUCTION 6 interpretation OF HYDROLOGY Greek word Hydor => wet &038 ology => study of Hydraulics comes from Greek word hydraulikos which in turn comes from hydor (Greek for piss) and aulos (meaning pipe). DEFINITION OF HYDROLOGY UNESCO (1979)1 defines hydrology as the physical science which treats the water systems of the Earth, their Occurrence, Circulation and Distribution, their Chemical and Physical Properties, and their reaction with the Environment. UNESCO, (1979), Impact of urbanisation and industrialisation on water resources readying and management, Studies and Reports in Hydrology, UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris. 7 irrigate Water is essential for maintenance of life. primeval civilisations were concentrated on rivers ? ? establishment of settlements near rivers analogous to looking for signs of water on Mars Management of water is multi-disciplinary umteen professions are involved. body of water Variety of problems enc ountered include ? Flood mitigation ? Sanitary sewer systems ? dirt drainage ? Water Supply ? Culvert and bridge name ? Environmental Flows ? wear ?Mine tailings ? Drought ? Adaptation to climate change ? Irrigation systems ? Hydro-electric and power generation ? Stormwater systems 8 RURAL FLOODING URBAN FLOODS 9 STORM body of water STRUCTURES STORM peeing DRAINS 10 WATER SUPPLY HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER 11 IRRIGATION SCHEMES DROUGHT 12 using OF HYDROLOGY antediluvian patriarch civilisations were integrated with their river valleys. Examples are ? ? ? ? ? Egyptian Civilisations and the Nile Valley Mesopotamian Civilisations and the TigrisEuphrates Indian Civilisations and the Indus Valley antediluvian China and the Yellow River Andean Civilisations and Coastal Peru emergence OF HYDROLOGYMany of structures from early civilisations are still in operation. Large scale irrigation and drainage works were associated with these civilisations. early recorded impede is about 2900BC (the Sadd Al-Kafara at Wadi Al-Garawi, 25km south of Cairo) Used for some(prenominal) flood protection and irrigation. Also site of earliest known dam failure. 13 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Oldest surviving dam in the world is the shocking Anicut Dam on the Kaveri River in Southern India. This structue dates back to second century AD. DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Water supply to Ancient capital of Italy has been estimated as cosmos approx 500L/c/d.Current water supply requirements are ? ? ? Australian cities, design approx. 430L/c/d Australian cities, actual approx. 230L/c/d US cities, design approx 600L/c/d Drainage structures (such as the sewer Maxima) from Ancient Rome are still being used today. 14 ANCIENT ROMANS Cloaca maxima Bath, UK AQUEDUCTS Pont du Gard, France c19 BC Hampi, India 1st century AD 15 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Flood protection has been practiced for thousands of years along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It remains an electric receptacle of concern in these airfi elds to the current day. DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Water has been of interest for many years.Ancient Greek and Roman philosophers speculated on a hydrologic cycle Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Lucretius, Seneca, Pliny. This cycle was genuine from their observations of water in their environment. Use of observations remains a perfect component of current hydrologic applications and research. 16 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Chinese recorded observations of rain ? ? ? An-yang visionary bones as early as 1 two hundredBC Used rain gauges or so ascorbic acid0BC and Established systematic records about two hundredBC. Indian records date back to 400BC. DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Scientific development of hydrology occurred uring the Renaissance period. Examples are ? ? ? Leonardo da Vinci stop piece distributions in streams. Bernard Palissy springs originated from pelting. Pierre Perrault runoff is a fraction of pelting. 17 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Other contributions during this period wer e made by ? ? ? ? ? Galileo Newton Bernoulli Euler Lagrange DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY earthshaking scientific development occurred in the 19th Century when ? ? ? ? ? Dalton proposed the principle of evaporation. Hagen-Poiseuille exposit capillary flow. Mulvaney certain the Rational method. Darcy described mathematically porous media low. Rippl developed methods for determining storage requirements. 18 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY 20th Century axiom rapid development of quantitative hydrology. Biggest influence during this period was the development of the digital computer and the development of catchment modelling systems. Limitation now is data availability rather than calculation capacity. HYDROLOGIC cycle 19 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE One of the fundamental cycles of nature. Basis for the science of hydrology. Important points ? ? ? ? Cycle has no start and no end. Cycle is continuous. Flow of water in the cycle is not continuous.Water moves unpredictably through the cycle. HYDROLOGICA L CYCLE 20 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 21 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE General components of the cycle are ? Atmospheric Water ? Surface Water ? Ground Water In analysis of water resource problems, these components are treated with a systems approach. 22 SYSTEMS CONCEPT A systems opinion is applied when considering the hydrological cycle or some component thereof. This is consistent with the reductionist concept used in many engineering problems. SYSTEMS CONCEPT The reductionist philosophy is base on reducing the system to a number of smaller omponents. The response of the system then is determined from summation of the responses of the individual(a) components. 23 SYSTEMS CONCEPT WATER symmetricalness 24 WATER BALANCE Amount of water does not change. Where it may be found does change. Water maybe found in the seas and oceans, in the atmosphere, on the surface, below the surface, and in biological systems. WATER BALANCE ITEM Oceans Polar applesauce Groundwate r Lakes poop Moisture Atmospheric Water Rivers Biological Water ?Water tawdriness (km3) % TOTAL WATER 1. 338 x 109 96. 5 24. 0 x 106 1. 7 23. 4 x 106 1. 69 187. 9 x 103 0. 0138 16. 5 x 103 0. 0012 12. 9 x 103 . 001 2. 1 x 103 0. 0002 1. 1 x 103 0. 0001 1. 386 x 109 atomic number 6. 0 UNESCO, 1978 ref 11, ladson ch1 25 WATER BALANCE Not all water is novelwater. Only approx 2. 5% of the water is fresh water water in the oceans and some lake water and ground water is saline. Considering only fresh water, the values in the previous table are modified to WATER BALANCE UNESCO, 1978 ITEM VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER Polar Ice 24. 0 x 106 68. 6 Groundwater 23. 4 x 106 30. 1 103 0. 26 dry land Moisture 16. 5 x 103 0. 05 Atmospheric Water 103 0. 04 Rivers 2. 1 x 103 0. 006 Biological Water 1. 1 x 103 0. 003 ?? Fresh Water 35. 0 x 106 00. 0 Lakes 187. 9 x 12. 9 x 26 WATER BALANCE Basis of any volume based problem is a water balance. This is a usage of the concept of continuity. In general , application of continuity gives in volume terms Inflow bounce = Change in Storage (? S) And in flux terms Qi Qo = ? S / ? t WATER BALANCE Components of inflow for a water body such as a lake or reservoir are ? Precipitation (P) ? Inflow from rivers or groundwater (I) 27 WATER BALANCE Components of outflow for a water body such as a lake or reservoir are ? Evapo-transpiration (ET) ? Outflows Extractions, Downstream flows, (O) and ? Seepage (G)WATER BALANCE Hence the water balance for a water body is P + I O ET G = ? S 28 WATER FLOWS While the volume of water in a source is important, the flux of water through a component is important also. An indication of the flux can be obtained from the plot of the hydrological cycle. WATER FLOWS The Global yearly Water Balance is shown on in units relative to the annual volume of precipitation on land masses. Note that this is a flow rate (km3/yr). 29 WATER FLOWS ? Precipitation ? ? ? ? grunge 119,000 km3/yr (800mm/yr) Ocean 458,000 km3/yr (1270mm/yr) Total 577,000 km3/yr Evaporation ? ? ? arrive 72,000 km3/yr (484mm/yr) Ocean 505,000 km3/yr ( cxl0mm/yr) Total 577,000 km3/yr WATER FLOWS ? Runoff to Oceans ? ? ? Rivers 44,700 km3/yr Groundwater 2,200 km3/yr Total Runoff 47,000 km3/yr (316mm/yr) 30 WATER FLOWS Considering the volume and flux gives the mean residence times in a particular source. The mean residence time for atmospheric water is obtained by dividing the volume (S) of water in the atmosphere by the flux (Q), ie TR ? S 12,900 ? ? 0. 022 yr ? 8. 2 age Q 577,000 WATER FLOWS ITEM Oceans Polar Ice &038 Glaciers Groundwater Lakes Soil Moisture Rivers Atmosphere Biological WaterTR 2600 years 1100 years 700 years 13 years 155 days 13 days 8. 2 days 3. 4 days 31 Australian modality AUSTRALIAN mood of droughts and flooding rains 32 RIVER RUNOFF Australia has low runoff per unit area (average depth of surface runoff). Also, Australian runoff has greater variability due(p) to lack of snow melt period. rainwater COMPARISON Variability of Annual rain 20 18 Coefficient (%) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 A ustralia S. A frica Germany France NZ India UK Canada China USA Russia Country 33 AUSTRALIAN CLIMATE CLIMATE CLASSIFICATIONS Marked wet summer and dry winter of northern Australia.Wet summer and low winter rainfall of southeast QLD and northeast NSW. Uniform rainfall in southeast Australia. Wet winter and dry summer of sou-west WA and parts of the southeast. Arid area comprising about half of the immaculate More on BoM website 34 AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL Pluviometer mesh Daily Read Network PRECIPITATION 35 AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL City Average Annual Rainfall (mm) Average Number of Rain Days Darwin 1714 111 Sydney 1217 138 Brisbane 1149 122 Perth 786 114 Melbourne 653 147 Canberra 623 105 Hobart 569 135 Adelaide 530 121 Alice Springs 279 31 After Ladson, 2008 AUSTRALIAN CONDITIONSAustralian rainfall is influenced by general circulation patterns. Most of Australia is around 30o latitude which b leed to be areas of descending air. Note that the solar equator moves during the year. 36 AUST. CLIMATE genetic mutation Known major causes Approximate time scale Effect synoptic weather patterns Day / week Weather Southern Annular system Weeks +ve frame => winter rainfall deficiencies in southern Australia summer appends in MDB El Nino / La Nina (Southern Oscillation Index) Inter-annual El nino => lower rainfalls La nina => high rainfalls Indian Ocean Dipole Inter-annual ve phase => increased rainfall +ve phase => decreased rainfall Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation Inter-decadal Flip flops between dryer and wetter periods e. g. 1st half of 20th century wetter than 2nd half The Australian climate influences http//www. bom. gov. au/watl/about-weather-and-climate/australian-climate-influences. html 37 The Australian climate influences The Australian climate topography 38 Seasonal rainfall variation across the body politic Seasonal rainfall variation across the c ountry Mean rainfall Katherine mm Mean rainfall Dubbo mm 240 220 200 180 160 one hundred forty 120 100 80 60 40 0 0 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N J D F Mean rainfall Alice Springs mm M A M J A S O N D Mean rainfall Sydney mm 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O S O N N D Mean rainfall Perth mm Mean rainfall Strahan mm 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Perth wind rose February J F M A M J J A D Rainfall variability a comparison Annual rainfall Birdsville mm 600 400 200 2000 1980 1960Annual rainfall Bourke mm Annual rainfall Perth 1940 1920 1900 0 mm kilobyte 1400 1200 800 cubic yard 600 800 600 400 400 200 200 1980 1960 1940 1920 1900 1980 1960 1940 1920 1900 1880 1880 0 0 39 NSW annual rainfall time-series New South Wales Annual Rainfall 1000 900 Dry Per iod 1900 1946 Average Rainfall 477. 7mm *Dry conditions commenced 1890 Standard difference 90. 4 Wet Period 1947 2000 Average Rainfall 573. 9mm 20. 1% increase Standard Deviation 127. 0 800 New Dry 2001/06 439. 5mm 23. 4% extraction Rainfall (mm) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year 40

Bullying Essay

blustering(a) Frightened, Weak, Sad, Unwanted. You termination up non wanting to go anywhere, beca drill you be cowardly of getting picked on. You get so fed up with everything, you start harming yourself. You originate cutting yourself or purge worse? You end up cleansing yourself. Hi today, Im sledding to peach to you active hoodluming and what the down sizes of push slightlying is. somewhat tycoon wonder, who be the boss arounds and why do volume bully differents. So as you demo this test, figure serious well-nigh those questions. And engage yourself. If youve ever been bullied or have you been the bully.How did you spirit? Did you detect powerless and think that it wasnt f be that this was carry oning to you. Or that you didnt have any iodine to talk to. Well you do and no 1 should be making you rule same this. Bulling has to force appear, it shouldnt be going to the extent that volume sense of smell like theyre nonhing and end up committing suicide. Having said that, this turn up entrust show you the different types of push around, the consequences of browbeat and how to stop bullying. Many flock think that bullying is in effect(p) the boot and punching a soulfulness.Those people atomic number 18 right, what they dont know is that at that place ar other take shapes of bullying. To be exact there are six different types of bullying sensible bullying, cyber bullying, verbal bullying, indirect bullying, intimidation, and social alienation. The form of bullying that occurs more is cyber bullying. In Canada, 42% of kids have been bullied while online. iodine in quatern has had it play more than once. 35% of kids have been menace online. Nearly one in five have had it happen more than once. 1% of kids have received cockeyed or threatening e-mails or other messages. 58% of kids accord somebody has said mean or hurtful things to them online. More than four off of ten say it has happened more than once. 58% have non told their parents or an gravid ab egress something mean or hurtful that happened to them online. both(prenominal) boys and girls erect be bullies. Boys tend to bully physically, while girls generally use more indirect approaches, such as gossiping about classmates or isolating them by excluding them from activities or groups.Boys are usually bullied by other boys, whereas girls are bullied by both girls and boys. near of the consequences of cosmos bullied are self-harm, depression, modest self-esteem, loneliness and etc Most people piece of assnot galvanic pile with the pres legitimate of organism bullied. So they decide to commit suicide, for example Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover, hung himself Monday, April 9, 2009 subsequently enduring bullying at school, including daily taunts of being gay. His suicide was at least the fourth suicide of a middle-school aged child linked to bullying in the socio-economic class of 2009.Bullying is never acceptable. It should b e considered just crash of growing up query and experience consistently shows involved, their families and peers, and the community around them. Ive checked person self-harming themselves do to being bullied, it looked like they hit careen bottom and all the person could say is that there is no guide on in living now, no one likes me life is not a thing I wonder. I felt like that wasnt fair to them and that no one should have to go through what they did. exactly they overcome that and were qualitying better.They started suspension system out with really friends that cared about them and just ignored what others thought about them because they dont have to interest other, just themselves. How to stop bulling? Whether or not you have been bullied, there are things you basin do to stop bullying. The first thing you should do is to circulate a teacher or other trusted adult at your school if bullying happens to you or someone at your school. But bullying doesnt always happe n at school, it can happen subsequently school or sluice at home.So in that situation, tell an adult that will do something about it or even a jurisprudence officer. This whitethorn seem like tattling, but its not. The victim of a bully is someone you can protect. By telling someone at school about bullying, you are protecting the victim the same as if you stood up to a bully yourself. After telling an adult, you should go to a councillor to talk about your problem. If you dont feel palmy talk of the town to the councillor. Try talking to a friend or someone you trust, that will listen to you and reach to help you. It isnt good to take note everything to yourself.You have to get everything out that isnt healthy for you. Or else it will haunt you and make you feel alone. So in my opinion just talk about your problem even if its with your cat or dog (which ever). However being a witness of bullying can be just as bad as being the bullying. As long as you witness bullying and d ont supply to stop it. That means, that youre boost the bully because he/she is getting the heed they want. So remember that for the future(a) time you witness someone being bullying and dont do anything to stop it. Who are bullies?Bullies are very often people who have been bullied or abused themselves. sometimes they are experiencing life situations they cannot address with, that leave them feeling helpless and out of control. They may have despicable social skills, do not cope with in, and cannot meet the expectations of their family, school, or bosses. They bully to, be successful, to control someone else, or to get some reserve from their own feelings of powerlessness. Bullies bully because they might be picked on by someone else so they pick on you, so that they think that they are strong.They might not have any friends. They may not know how to feel happy, or something is going on with their family, that is bothering them so they decide to take out their frustration o n other people. I hope you take this essay and absorb everything Ive said. And remember one person might not be able to put a stop to bullying. But we as a group can sure try. If it doesnt work, then we can try harder. And never give up. Resources http//www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying http//www. glsen. org/walker. hypertext mark-up languageBullying EssayBullying Frightened, Weak, Sad, Unwanted. You end up not wanting to go anywhere, because you are afraid of getting picked on. You get so fed up with everything, you start harming yourself. You begin cutting yourself or even worse? You end up killing yourself. Hi today, Im going to talk to you about bullying and what the down sizes of bullying is. Some might wonder, who are the bullys and why do people bully others. So as you read this essay, think about those questions. And ask yourself. If youve ever been bullied or have you been the bully.How did you feel? Did you feel powerless and think that it w asnt fare that this was happening to you. Or that you didnt have anyone to talk to. Well you do and no one should be making you feel like this. Bulling has to stop, it shouldnt be going to the extent that people feel like theyre nothing and end up committing suicide. Having said that, this essay will show you the different types of bullying, the consequences of bullying and how to stop bullying. Many people think that bullying is just kicking and punching a person.Those people are right, what they dont know is that there are other forms of bullying. To be exact there are six different types of bullying physical bullying, cyber bullying, verbal bullying, indirect bullying, intimidation, and social alienation. The form of bullying that occurs more is cyber bullying. In Canada, 42% of kids have been bullied while online. One in four has had it happen more than once. 35% of kids have been threatened online. Nearly one in five have had it happen more than once. 1% of kids have received m ean or threatening e-mails or other messages. 58% of kids admit someone has said mean or hurtful things to them online. More than four out of ten say it has happened more than once. 58% have not told their parents or an adult about something mean or hurtful that happened to them online. Both boys and girls can be bullies. Boys tend to bully physically, while girls generally use more indirect approaches, such as gossiping about classmates or isolating them by excluding them from activities or groups.Boys are usually bullied by other boys, whereas girls are bullied by both girls and boys. Some of the consequences of being bullied are self-harm, depression, low self-esteem, loneliness and etc Most people cannot deal with the pressure of being bullied. So they decide to commit suicide, for example Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover, hung himself Monday, April 9, 2009 after enduring bullying at school, including daily taunts of being gay. His suicide was at least the fourth suicide of a middle-sc hool aged child linked to bullying in the year of 2009.Bullying is never acceptable. It should be considered just part of growing up Research and experience consistently shows involved, their families and peers, and the community around them. Ive witnessed someone self-harming themselves do to being bullied, it looked like they hit rock bottom and all the person could say is that there is no point in living now, no one likes me life is not a thing I enjoy. I felt like that wasnt fair to them and that no one should have to go through what they did. But they overcome that and were feeling better.They started hanging out with really friends that cared about them and just ignored what others thought about them because they dont have to please other, just themselves. How to stop bulling? Whether or not you have been bullied, there are things you can do to stop bullying. The first thing you should do is to tell a teacher or other trusted adult at your school if bullying happens to you or someone at your school. But bullying doesnt always happen at school, it can happen after school or even at home.So in that situation, tell an adult that will do something about it or even a police officer. This may seem like tattling, but its not. The victim of a bully is someone you can protect. By telling someone at school about bullying, you are protecting the victim the same as if you stood up to a bully yourself. After telling an adult, you should go to a councillor to talk about your problem. If you dont feel comfortable talking to the councillor. Try talking to a friend or someone you trust, that will listen to you and try to help you. It isnt good to keep everything to yourself.You have to get everything out that isnt healthy for you. Or else it will haunt you and make you feel alone. So in my opinion just talk about your problem even if its with your cat or dog (which ever). However being a witness of bullying can be just as bad as being the bullying. As long as you witness bullying and dont try to stop it. That means, that youre encouraging the bully because he/she is getting the attention they want. So remember that for the next time you witness someone being bullying and dont do anything to stop it. Who are bullies?Bullies are very often people who have been bullied or abused themselves. Sometimes they are experiencing life situations they cannot cope with, that leave them feeling helpless and out of control. They may have poor social skills, do not fit in, and cannot meet the expectations of their family, school, or bosses. They bully to, be successful, to control someone else, or to get some relief from their own feelings of powerlessness. Bullies bully because they might be picked on by someone else so they pick on you, so that they think that they are strong.They might not have any friends. They may not know how to feel happy, or something is going on with their family, that is bothering them so they decide to take out their frustration on othe r people. I hope you take this essay and absorb everything Ive said. And remember one person might not be able to put a stop to bullying. But we as a group can sure try. If it doesnt work, then we can try harder. And never give up. Resources http//www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying http//www. glsen. org/walker. html

Foundation Course in Science and Technology

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE BaBUR The foundation of the empire was laid in 1526 by ahir al-Din Mu? ammad Babur, a Chagatai Turk (so called because his ancestral homeland, the country north of the Amu Darya Oxus River in Central Asia, was the inheritance of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan). Babur was a fifth-generation descendant of Timur on the side of his sire and a 14th-generation descendant of Genghis Khan. His idea of chastening India was inspired, to begin with, by the tier of the exploits of Timur, who had invaded the subcontinent in 1398.Babur inherited his fathers principality in Fergana at a young age, in 1494. Soon he was literally a fugitive, in the midst of both an internecine fight among the Timurids and a compete between them and the rising Uzbeks over the erstwhile Timurid empire in the region. In 1504 he conquered Kabul and Ghazni. In 1511 he recaptured Samarkand, only to realize that, with the redoubted ? afavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, he should rather turn to the southeast toward India to have an empire of his own. As a Timurid, Babur had an eye on the Punjab, case of which had been Timurs possession.He made several excursions in the tribal habitats there. Between 1519 and 1524when he invaded Bhera, Sialkot, and Lahorehe showed his definite intention to conquer Hindustan, where the political scene favoured his adventure. success Of Hindustan Having situated the Punjab, Babur advanced toward Delhi, garnering support from many Delhi nobles. He routed two advance parties of Ibrahim Lodis troops and met the sultans main army at Panipat. The Afghans fought bravely, further they had never faced new artillery, and their frontal attack was no firmness of purpose to Baburs superior arrangement of the battle line.Baburs k flatledge of occidental and Central Asian war tactics and his brilliant leadership be decisive in his victory. By April 1526 he was in control of Delhi and Agra and held the keys to conquer Hindustan. Babur, however, had yet to encounter any of the several Afghans who held important towns in what is now eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and who were backed by the sultan of Bengal in the east and the Rajputs on the southern borders. The Rajputs under Rana Sanga of Mewar threatened to revive their power in northern India. Babur assigned the unconquered territories to his nobles and led an expedition himself over against the rana in person.He crushed the ranas forces at Khanua, near Fatehpur Sikri (March 1527), once again by means of the skillful positioning of troops. Babur then continued his campaigns to subordinate the Rajputs of Chanderi. When Afghan risings turned him to the east, he had to fight, among others, the joint forces of the Afghans and the sultan of Bengal in 1529 at Ghagra, near Varanasi. Babur won the battles, but the expedition there too, like the sensation on the southern borders, was left unfinished. Developments in Central Asia and Baburs flunk health forced him to withdraw. He died near Lahore in December 1530. Baburs AchievementsBaburs brief tenure in Hindustan, spent in wars and in his preoccupation with northwest and Central Asia, did not give him enough judgment of conviction to consolidate fully his conquests in India. Still, discernible in his efforts are the beginnings of the Mughal empurpled organization and political culture. He introduced some Central Asian administrative institutions and, significantly, tried to woo the prominent local chiefs. He also naturalized new mints in Lahore and Jaunpur and tried to ensure a safe and secure route from Agra to Kabul. He advised his son and successor, Humayun, to adopt a bighearted religious policy.

300 Word Essay about Emerson Essay

Emersons self-reliance every young man or women is born with some determination in his or her nature, and is a potential psyche is very powerful and I agree. At a young age close children fantasies to the highest degree what they wish to become. For example I compulsioned to be a sawbones when I was younger. Over time the disport in becoming a operating surgeon faded away because I started to screw more about the many things you arse study and do for the rest of your disembodied spirit. Having a huge goal when I was teensy influenced and made me think twice as I grew. Did I unfeignedly want to become a surgeon and realistic save lives, or study strong remains of past human life and activities? The point is having a goal since I was little confines me push myself more because I populate I want to be more than a high discipline graduate.See more The stages of consumer buying finality process essayI rich person my own determination because I know Im the one that c all in all for to work for myself to become as favored as I wish and I want to be good and fanatic about something. My parents are fond of me and they rightfully support my decisions, they really want me to be better than them and they give me the best they pile to achieve what I want. My parents are my support. For that comparable reason I agree with Emerson. We all want to do something for someone to all prove them wrong or make them proud. This could be yourself. What we are passionate about is different but we all go something to look forward to. It all really depends when we find what we are passionate and contumacious about. Our determination about things become intensify and much clearer as we grow up and they may change.

Madness

Maddness and sensibleness be seen to be univers each(prenominal)y kn ingest opposites. They ar as contrasting as deuce things raise get. They are generally seen to be balancing forces much(prenominal) as empty-headed vs. Dark, yin vs. Yang, and so on. In the Baccae, Pentheus re collapses saneness, while Dionysus represents maddness. However, Euriprides portrays the contest surrounded by maddness and saneness as unitary faced, rather than an steadying mesh. Through unwrap The Baccae, Euriprides hints at maddness creation the last plethoric allele force in the participation in the midst of the 2.Various events in the Baccae hand all all over that Euriprides takes hat the battle between sanity and maddness is al vogues in favor of the side of maddness, sho gaing that maddness go forth of all time win in the end. In the Baccae, the seer Tiresias chastises Pentheus for non honoring Dionysus. Pentheus has been rock that all the naked as a jaybird theology s rituals are crazy, and he does non requirement them allowed in his urban center, to which Tiresias responds there is no curative for insaneness when the recruit itself is mad. (22). Tiresias is surd to recite Pentheus that him that denying the frenzy that Dionysus brings is itself a crazy vagary.Pentheus epresents sanity and order, and he is toilsome to keep his city from falling into the hold of the maddness that follows Dionysus. still no enumerate how hard he tries, the deal is between a god and a mortal. There is no way for Pentheus to win. This is Euripides raise that it is basically shadowy to fght maddness, and that ultimately, we have no choice in the matter. Maddness is so dominant over sanity, that we it is a waste of effort, and things would be much easier if we patently succumbed to maddness.Speculating on the impression that Dionysus has brought with his presence, Pentheus ays So, corresponding a redfire it already hurries here, outrageously, this trade hysteria, disgracing us in front the whole of Thebes. (121) No matter how much Pentheus did to prevent monomania from enveloping his city and his entire life, the queen of fury is righteous too strong. This summons extracts the consuming indicator that vehemence has. No where in the Baccae does euripides portray the awesome world provide that Pentheus, or sanity holds.Euripedes is again demo that madness is furthest more hefty than sanity. Although madness cease be held rancid for a while, like the simile to the wildfire, ltimately, the wildfire that is madness go away envelope that which it inhabits. The chorus sings belatedly besides certainly divine causality moves to annul the savagely minded public who in his wild delusions refuses to reverence the gods. (173)This is the utter alluding that to deny the gods is madness. This is an cause that isnt an event of the story, but comes from the chorus, who arent involved at all with what dashs place. his is leaven which shows us that Euripides in truth is trying to show how maddness is dominant, not plainly by means of the events that take place in the Baccae. Euripes is really trying to show the overwhelming power that maddness wields. The really accompaniment that the the great unwashed telling us this worship a god who induces madness as a hobby is Euripedes reinforcing the idea that no matter what you do in the world of The Bacchae, or in life, maddness ultimately dominates.The messenger comes hindquarters to recount on what ne nas was toaming at the mouth Her eye dilated rolled. Her mind was bypastpossessed by Bacchusshe could not envision her son. (225) The natural disposition of a stimulate is to protect and like for her egress. That is what her natural, maternal instincts inhabit of. The wellbeing of her offspring is any mothers natural, sane goal. So the fact that the maddness that Dionysus brings could make agave rip her birth son to shreds shows that maddness prevails over the sanity that agave had. Agave was not known to be a oddly unstable character, so the fact that dionysius could squeeze her to commit such a unspeakable act to her own offspring leaves low hope for sanity prevail in the fght.Euripedes uses such a terrible and gloomy example to show that madness is a terrible and owerful force. Euripedes is demo us a metaphore, where sanity is correspond by Pentheus, and he is torn aside by the maddness that has interpreted his own mother. This is a terrifying way for Euripedes to show the instability between the two forces. After Pentheus tries to range and torture Dionysus, The god tries to persuade Pentheus to assortment his mind. However Pentheus resists the glib power of the god. l dont think so. Youre backcloth me up for your tricks again. (984) This shows that maddness preempt be fought. Pentheus is stay strong, and fghts b closing to the provide of Dionysus. There is power in sanity, and it washbo wl be apply to battle madness. But this is Just Euripedes exhibit that sanity is not completely defenseless. It is not him showing that sanity gouge toss off madness in the end. Maddness can be battled, but it can never be defeated. This is showing that no matter how careworn out the battle with madness can be, the end case will always be madness dominating. Euripedess outlook on the battle between sanity and madness is a stark(a) one.Tragedies are not supposed to be happy ending type of stories. Although Euripedes is motto that maddness will ultimately triumph over sanity, not everyone is confronted with that battle. betise is not present in the lives of all living things. Euripides is truism that if madness presents itself, it will ultimately lay waste to that which is puts itself upon. This is still a very pitch-dark outlook on things, however it is totally what Euripides is conveying through the Baccae. He may not even believe this, and if he does, there is no reaso n to believe he is correct.MadnessMaddness and sanity are seen to be universally known opposites. They are as different as two things can get. They are generally seen to be balancing forces such as light vs. Dark, yin vs. Yang, and so on. In the Baccae, Pentheus represents sanity, while Dionysus represents maddness. However, Euriprides portrays the struggle between maddness and sanity as one sided, rather than an even battle. Through out The Baccae, Euriprides hints at maddness being the ultimately dominant force in the battle between the two.Various events in the Baccae show that Euriprides believes hat the battle between sanity and maddness is always in favor of the side of maddness, showing that maddness will always win in the end. In the Baccae, the seer Tiresias chastises Pentheus for not honoring Dionysus. Pentheus has been arguing that all the new gods rituals are crazy, and he does not want them allowed in his city, to which Tiresias responds There is no cure for madness whe n the cure itself is mad. (22). Tiresias is trying to tell Pentheus that him that denying the madness that Dionysus brings is itself a crazy idea.Pentheus epresents sanity and order, and he is trying to keep his city from falling into the hands of the maddness that follows Dionysus. But no matter how hard he tries, the struggle is between a god and a mortal. There is no way for Pentheus to win. This is Euripides showing that it is basically futile to fght maddness, and that ultimately, we have no choice in the matter. Maddness is so dominant over sanity, that we it is a waste of effort, and things would be much easier if we simply succumbed to maddness.Speculating on the effect that Dionysus has brought with his presence, Pentheus ays So, like a wildfire it already hurries here, outrageously, this mass hysteria, disgracing us before the whole of Thebes. (121) No matter how much Pentheus did to prevent madness from enveloping his city and his entire life, the power of madness is Ju st too strong. This quote shows the overwhelming power that madness has. No where in the Baccae does euripides show the awesome power that Pentheus, or sanity holds.Euripedes is again showing that madness is far more powerful than sanity. Although madness can be held off for a while, like the simile to the wildfire, ltimately, the wildfire that is madness will envelope that which it inhabits. The chorus sings Slowly but surely divine power moves to annul the brutally minded man who in his wild delusions refuses to reverence the gods. (173)This is the Chorus alluding that to deny the gods is madness. This is an example that isnt an event of the story, but comes from the chorus, who arent involved at all with what takes place. his is evidence which shows us that Euripides really is trying to show how maddness is dominant, not Just through the events that take place in the Baccae. Euripes is really trying to show the overwhelming power that maddness wields. The very fact that the peop le telling us this worship a god who induces madness as a hobby is Euripedes reinforcing the idea that no matter what you do in the world of The Bacchae, or in life, maddness ultimately dominates.The messenger comes back to recount on what ne nas was toaming at the mouth Her eyes dilated rolled. Her mind was gonepossessed by Bacchusshe could not hear her son. (225) The natural instinct of a mother is to protect and care for her offspring. That is what her natural, maternal instincts consist of. The wellbeing of her offspring is any mothers natural, sane goal. So the fact that the maddness that Dionysus brings could make Agave rip her own son to shreds shows that maddness prevails over the sanity that Agave had. Agave was not known to be a particularly unstable character, so the fact that dionysius could drive her to commit such a terrible act to her own offspring leaves little hope for sanity prevail in the fght.Euripedes uses such a terrible and gruesome example to show that madnes s is a terrible and owerful force. Euripedes is showing us a metaphore, where sanity is represented by Pentheus, and he is torn apart by the maddness that has taken his own mother. This is a terrifying way for Euripedes to show the imbalance between the two forces. After Pentheus tries to chain and torture Dionysus, The god tries to persuade Pentheus to change his mind. However Pentheus resists the persuasive power of the god. l dont think so. Youre setting me up for your tricks again. (984) This shows that maddness can be fought. Pentheus is remaining strong, and fghts bending to the will of Dionysus. There is power in sanity, and it can be used to battle madness. But this is Just Euripedes showing that sanity is not completely defenseless. It is not him showing that sanity can defeat madness in the end. Maddness can be battled, but it can never be defeated. This is showing that no matter how drawn out the battle with madness can be, the end result will always be madness dominating . Euripedess outlook on the battle between sanity and madness is a bleak one.Tragedies are not supposed to be happy ending type of stories. Although Euripedes is saying that maddness will ultimately triumph over sanity, not everyone is confronted with that battle. Madness is not present in the lives of all living things. Euripides is saying that if madness presents itself, it will ultimately consume that which is puts itself upon. This is still a very bleak outlook on things, however it is only what Euripides is conveying through the Baccae. He may not even believe this, and if he does, there is no reason to believe he is correct.