Domestic Violance

Essay pre fit UNIVERSITY DEGREE CRIMINOLOGY Research Proposal The purpose of this investigate proposal is to address the bea of interior(prenominal) violence in straight person relationships and why women find it difficult to leave inglorious relationships. The proposal allowing start with a title which canonicalally indicates what the report is ab step to the fore. in that location get out be a literature review which covers the key literature utilise for the submit look questions for victims of home(prenominal) violence exit to a fault be formulated to aid the study.The proposal pull up stakes address the question drug abuse to be use as well as the rules of selective schooling hookup and at the aforementioned(prenominal) prison term emphasis go out as well as be investd on the appropriateness of the regularity chosen. As expected with each look for the proposal testament deal with possible problems that could be confront and how they depart be a ddressed including ethical issues. The proposal ordain also address the timescale for this project outlining the question schedule and that should be concluded with a bibliography.Title Womens silence to internal violence why approximately do no leave disgraceful relationships. Hypothesis People hold the view that women who spot not to leave those abusive relationships argon passive. Aims of the investigation * To explore a range of mixer explanations for the causes of intimate partner violence. * To find out why women find it difficult to leave abusive relationships. * To develop an informative cloth to victims of domestic violence and enlighten them on the policies of domestic violence. Context of study This proposed study is focusing on the data generated by social theoriser on violence against women such as Bandura 19731who outline the modestnesss why some women find it difficult to leave abusive husbands. Hamilton Coates (1993)2 rightly stated that women who do not leave abusive relationships are often pathologized and blamed for their victimization. This is what in the main happens and on that pointfore the focus of attention is shifted from the wrongs perpetrated by the ill-usager to people wake the abused as passive.Several theories have been put advancing to try and let off why abused women do not leave their relationships for example that women race not leave because they are economically dependant on the abuser3. withal Abbott, Johnson, Koziol and Lowenstein (1995)4 suggested that characteristics of the abuser such as charm may stop the cleaning lady from leaving the relationship. This look for will pay particular attention to the on- breathing out social assumption of women who do not leave abusive relationships are masochistic and are to blame for their situations5 and test out whether the theories put forward are still applic equal to(p) in the modern day times.The inquiry will address this issue and ease correct this grou nded view of victims of abuse and provide useful information on domestic violence policies and laws that could cede victims. Literature Review Literature review is integral to this research this will in that respectfore focus on the research question and its splendor. Attention will also be gainful to where there are gaps in this welkin of research and how they will be addressed. It is also necessary to consider whether it is practiced to fill these gaps and identify who has made an attempt to fill them. The importance of the research question is that it addresses the issue of intimate partner violence and how the violence is well-educated in the socialization of family life6 and why women tend not leave those abusive relationships. There has not been much focus on the type research that I am carrying out recently. Most of the theoretical data that I managed to get hold of was on information acquireed in the other(a) 1980s to mid 90s. Changes in spite of appearance the so ciety as well as technology means that the above factors might not be as accurate as to why women do not leave their abusive husbands.Therefore my research is important in that fresh data from the twenty graduation century will be compiled and will give a clearer view of why modern day women still stay in barbarian relationships. It will also provide a change in the banish social assumptions society holds of women who stay in abusive relationships and provide a shift from these assumptions. Similar research has been carried out by Dunn, 19897 , he lay out that the main reason why women stay is due to escape of options to responding to idle partners as well as the lack of support from family members. in the buffman, 19938 also engraft that women see no point in leaving their relationships due to the lack of support by the very institutions that are supposed to provide assistance. The research aims to test this area and see whether it is still applicable. Carlson 19979 found th at a muniment of violence tags along future emotional aspects which entrap women thus complicating the puzzle out of leaving an abusive partner. When combined the above factors have implications on how domestic violence is interpreted and the perceptions held on women in abusive relationships.Lastly the research aims to advert consciousness on domestic violence, 2007-2008 statistics by the British Crime keep an eye on found that domestic violence cases had increased compared to statistics from 199510. Methodology and research innovation Research design is used to refer to the stages and processes which connect research questions to data (Punch, 1998)11 accordingly the design aims to connect the research with the data. I am release to use the triangulation method for this research12, and this is whereby more than one method is used to gather data.According to (Brannen, 1992)13 the use of more than one method is regarded as a antonymous technique which means that problems ass ociated with strategy may be compensated for by the strengths of the other. The other reason why I am using the triangulation method is that different methods are appropriate in different research settings and for amass different types of data. Because my research is quite complex I found this to be the best musical mode to get accurate research after which the results will be combines to give one conclusion to the hypothesis.The qualitative component of the research will employ semi-structured interviews and the vicenary component will use a postal self-importance completion questionnaire. The complementary use of these methods is a skipper and tried and tested methodology14. To start off the research the quantitative method I am going to use for is a postal self completion questionnaire. This is whereby the respondents answer questions by completing the questionnaire themselves. The questions will be unappealing questions and require the respondent to circle yes, no and dont know (sample of questions attached).The purpose of this is to reign a representative sample of women who will be of interest to the research who will then be called in for a semi-structured interview. The main reason for using the self-completion questionnaire is that they are considered as a instruction of enrolling values, attitudes and behaviours of the targeted universe of discourse and the data is generated in a systematic manner by providing the respondents with the uniform questions and recording their responses in a methodical manner15 .Also they are reliable in that they eliminate the differences in the way the questions are phrased and how they are presented to the respondents. The questionnaire will record the respondents experiences of intimate partner domestic violence and find out basic background information on why women stay in abusive relationships. At this stage particular attention will be paid to ethical and safety issues that add with intimate domestic pa rtner violence. The questionnaire will contain a statement assuring the respondents of confidentiality alongside a closed book code number to reckon anonymity. ? I am aware of the drawbacks that do with this type of quantitative method which may include non response by some respondents. The questionnaire will include a covering letter explaining the aims of the research, its importance and why the recipient has been selected and most importantly it will feature guarantees of confidentiality. The questionnaire will be accompanied by a reply stamped addressed gasbag and there will be a follow up on individuals who do not respond approximately three weeks after the first mailing16.This should improve the response rate and from then respondents will be called in for an in depth interview. For the qualitative component I am going to conduct semi structured interviews. The main advantage of using qualitative methods of research is that this type of research is concerned with understan ding how people play the way they do therefore it allows the subjects to give critical, richer answers. This type of research also acts as a forerunner to other types of research for example quantitative research which may leave out valuable areas of research.I chose this type of method for the research because as highlighted it gives me a chance to exploit very detailed data which cannot be covered by quantitative analysis. It also uses subjective information therefore it is more representative of the women being studied. The interviews will be designed to have the pace be detected by the interviewee the legal age of the questions will be formulated in the interview which means that the interviewee is able to choose to talk almost a subject that he/she feels emotionally comfortable with.The interviews will operate in an open framework and there will be two way communication between the interviewer and interviewee which paves way for the use of emotions, the interviewer can rel ate to what the interviewee has been through to some extent. At the same time since this is a sensitive subject procedures of ethics will be observed to realise that the interviewees confidentiality is not breached. Ethical considerations Ethics are a set of moral standards by which people regulate their behaviour17 therefore it is the state of the researcher to ensure that the research is carried out in an ethical manner.The British Sociological Association 2005 (BSA)18 set out guidelines which were to be followed by researchers when carrying out research. It is essential for my research that it is clearly stated to the interviewees that they are free to convey from the research process anytime and at the same time it is my responsibility that the interviewees are informed about what the research process entails and what the findings will be used for.As my research will be about the sensitive topic of domestic violence it is essential that I observe these guidelines, this benef its me as the researcher as well as the interviewees safety. Ellsberg Heise (2002)19 highlighted that the main ethical concern related to researching violence against women is the potential to inadvertently cause distress therefore to avoid create distress the interviews will be structured in a way that the interviewee controls the subjects to be discussed therefore will be able to discuss issues they emotionally capable to. ? It is my ethical responsibility to ensure confidentiality of the participants is preserved, I will ensure that participants will not use their real names but quite they will choose a unique code which identifies them and if there is a need to pass on details to other researchers this will ensure that their identity is protected, this also extends to data that is electronically stored.I am also aware that due to the nature of qualitative research methods interviewees might find themselves divulging information that they might regret later (Lee, 2003)20 so to ensure confidentiality I will break the link between information provided and the interviewees, this way anonymity is retained. There will also be a consent form to come with the research this will outline the interviewees rights to withdrawal at any time and assurances of anonymity as per BSA 2005. After the interviews take place, any information on relevant agencies and organisations will be passed on to the interviewees so that they get help when and if needed. 1 Bars to performance As with all research there will be obstructions to the ways in which the research is carried out as well as the way in which the data is accessed. A major problem might be that some women will not be willing to discuss issues of domestic violence for fear of retaliation by the perpetrator the use of a confidentiality guarantee is aimed at assuring the interviewees. The use of triangulation means that the targets will be harder to achieve due to time constraints, therefore to combat this I will ens ure that the research is carried out on a small scale and at the same time not putting accuracy in jeopardy.Time scale of research The research will take 6-9months to complete. Sending out of questionnaires will take place within the first fortnight of funding approval. The interviews are expected to take place after the data from the survey has been processed and this should be by the 5th month leaving time for results from the interviews to be processed. In conclusion what this research proposal has achieved is to do is highlight the elements of the research and the difficulties that are likely to be faced in the process. 1 Bandura, A. (1973), Aggression A social eruditeness analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall Hamilton, B. , & Coates, J. (1993) Perceived helpfulness and use of skipper services by abused women. Journal of family violence, 8, 313-324 3 Sullivan, C. , Tan, C. , Basta, J. , Rumptz, M. , & Davidson, W. (1992). An advocacy hitch program for women with abu sive partners Initial evaluation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20 309-332 4 Abbott, J. , Johnson, R. , Koziol-McLain, J. , & Lowenstein, S. R. (1995). Domestic violence against women Incidence and prevalence in an pinch department population. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273(22), 1763-1767 Walker, L. E. (1984), The battered woman syndrome, New York Springer 6 Kalmuss, D. (1984). The intergenerational transmission of marital aggression. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 11-19 7 Dunn, L. L. (1989). The lived experience of fear in battered women. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of aluminum at Birmingham 8 Newman, K. (1993). Giving up Shelter experiences of battered women. mankind Health Nursing, 10(2), 108-113 9 Carlson, B. E. (1997). A Stress and coping approach to encumbrance with abused women. Family Relations, 46, 291-298 10 Home office statistics, http//www. omeoffice. gov. uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0708summ. pdf 11 Punch, K. F. (1998) I ntroduction to friendly Research Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. capital of the United Kingdom Sage. 12 Jupp, V. (1989) Methods of Criminological Research. capital of the United Kingdom 13 Brannen, J. (1992) Mixing Methods Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Aldershot Avebury 14 Sayer, A. (1992) Method in Social Science A Realist Approach. London Routledge 15 Crow, I. , & Semmens, N (2008) Chapter 5 Research by Reading In Researching Criminology, ed. Crow, I. , & Semmens, N Maidenhead, Open University Press, pp. 81-99 16 Bryman, A. (2004) Social Research Methods, Second Edition Oxford University Press, New York 17 Lee-Treweek, G. (2000). risk of infection in the field risk and ethics in social research. London Routledge 18 British Sociological Association, Statement of Ethical Practice www. britsoc. org. uk/about/ethic. htm 19 Ellsberg, M and Haise,L(2000), Bearing Witness Ethics in domestic violence research, LanceT,Vol 3591599-1604 20 Lee, R. M. (1993) Doing research on sensitive topics. SAGE. 21 Arksey, H. , & Knight, P. (1999). Interviewing for social scientists An introductory resource with examples. London Sage