Diva Shoes Questions

Questions for prima donna stead respect you have to address these questions but you can address other issues as well within the format constraints.1. What are Divas projected profits for the pecuniary year ending family line 1995?2. What factors affect a firms exposure to commute-rate endangerment?3. Forward traders quoted forward and futures prices based on the difference between unconnected and U. S. interest rates. explicate what this means in your own words and why ?4. In addition, some of Divas foreign exchange seek was reduced by offsetting inflows and outflows in particular markets. Explain what an operational hem in is with examples of your own.5. What did Bisno perceived as the cost of doing business overseas ? does his perception come across economic sense ? Why or why not ?6. Explain exactly how to estimate the annualized standard deviation of lognormal returns of exchange rates relative to U. S. dollars. How would you do the calculation if the data were week ly instead of monthly ? everyday ? explain in detail.7. How much exposure to exchange-rate risk does Diva Shoes have in April 1995? explain in detail and with numbers.8. Suppose that Diva chooses to hedge its exposure in yen using the forward contract bridge described in case Appendix A or the currency option described in case Appendix B. Assume that you enmesh in these contracts at the forward price implied by interest-rate parity for September 1995. Draw the payoffs to the position at maturity for each alternative with the exchange rate defined in USD/JPY x 10,000 units (i. e. , the same units as the currency option is quoted).9. What do you see as the trade-offs between the alternatives for hedging ? 10. Do you think Bisno should remain strictly a shoe salesman or do you favor hedging his exposure? If you favor hedging, which alternative would you recommend to him?

Organizational Behavior Case Study Using

Abstract We chose to look at a military case that was exposed by the media last year in which brigadier general superior general (BG) crowd BG Botchie of the United States cable Force was impeach of fetch that was unbecoming of an incumbent. By examining the roots of guiltless government activityal hypothesis as well as the systems theory prelude to management, we will be able to see what aspects and principles should be part utilized and enforced in enunciate to prevent such incidences from reoccurring. ? organizational Behavior Case guinea pig UsingClassical Organization Theory and Systems Theory In order to see where Brigadier public James Botchies management went wrong, we will use the guileless organization theory and systems theory to evaluate his action and decisions. To provide halt to our conclusion, Tommy will shargon a in-person encounter he had with BG Botchie. Quotes from several(a) texts will also offer expect to our position that BG Botchies appro ach to management was not unaccompanied ineffective, but also inappropriate for an police officer in the United States air out Force.Classical Organization Theory While whatsoever aspects of classical organizational theory can be considered out of date, it has been incessantly progressing over the past century to better suit current study milieus. From Taylors scientific management theory to Webers bureaucratic theory all the way to Mo hotshoty and Reileys administrative theory, classical organizational theory has developed some of the some fundamental principles to help better manage muckle in the giveplace.In order to effectively understand how classical organization theory could help a situation, such as the mavin regarding Brigadier General James Botchie as reported by the Air Force Times, one must first look at the raw material principles behind the theory. One of the four central points in Frederick Taylors scientific management theory is to, closely supervise wor kers, and use reward and penalty as motivators (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). In BG Botchies situation, he provided little to no inspection to his subordinates and was described as hands-off, uninformed and at times uncaring (Fontaine 2). This inadequacy of upervision caused the military equal opportunity office (MEO) to be an unorganized and unproductive environment that allowed discrimination and intimidation to go undisciplined and undocumented in m any cases. An other(a) Taylorism stated that the task of management is planning and watch (Walonick, 1993). From what the Air Force Times showed, BG Botchie did not attend either of these guidelines. armed services organizations require all parties to abide by strict codes of conduct in order to function as a well-oiled machine. BG Botchies actions not besides reflect poorly on his work ethics, but also his lesson ethics.He did not act as is expected of a United States valet Personnel atomic number 18 expected to conduct themse lves in accordance with the highest standards of personal and professional integrity and ethics. At a minimum, all personnel shall obey with directives issued by the Secretary of Defense regarding the Standards of Conduct and Government Ethics. (Dalton, 1997). Much standardized the rank levels involved in military organizations, Max Webers bureaucratic theory emphasized the need for a hierarchical social organization of power (Walonick, 1993).In order to continue maintaining get the hang among soldiers or workers alike, there is a need for definite rules and a slang line of authority and have (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). BG Botchie allowed this line to become blurred when he developed friendships with his subordinates. Not lonesome(prenominal) did this lead to unprofessional conduct in the form of creating an inner boys only clique that harassed female coworkers, it also raised an ethical plight in that BG Botchie engaged in business deals with subordinates and possibly used authorities resources to further his profits (Fontaine 4).There is a reason for positions of authority and that is to maintain control and productivity in the office. BG Botchie instead used his authority to foster versed harassment and gender discrimination, build unprofessional relationships and misappropriate government resources for his testify benefit (Fontaine 1). Mooney and Reillys administrative theory proved to be the most rigid out of the classical organization theories. This theory put the stress on establishing a universal set of management principles that could be use to all organizations (Walonick, 1993).It is now realized that this is not possible with the fast paced changing of times however, this method could be used to help remedy the inconsistencies that occurred in BG Botchies wing. For example, if there was a uniform set of rules and procedures set in place and enforced regularly, flock like BG Botchie would not have a chance to abuse their power. Throug hout examining the classical organizational approach to declaration Brigadier General James Botchies erroneous behaviors, the key solution is enforcement of hierarchy.None of this would have occurred if BG Botchies superiors had paid closer attention to his actions. While people in positions of authority should not have to instill devotion in order to get results, they should be treated with the wish they deserve. That respect facilitates force and respect for fellow coworkers as well. By maintaining the proper order of ranks, work is effectuate as a result of a sense of soak in work and duty to ones job. In sum total to an increase in productivity, the level of discrimination and harassment would decline for fear of punishment.When the rules ar enforced and there are positive and negative repercussions for behaviors, people are more inclined to follow the regulations set forth. Simply put, to annul negative situations, such as BG Botchies, enforce the rules and regulation s that are set forth. Systems tone-beginning This situation could have also benefited from the systems approach to the Ohio Air National apply Organization. The United States Air Force maintains a strict code of conduct as an entire organization and also employs separate, more detailed rules and regulations for those enlisted and those who are officers.The enlisted ranks are seen as the workers or followers to the officer ranks. The officer ranks are seen as the leaders of the organization and they are expected to set the tones for how those that follow them are to conduct themselves. Rules are established to help keep the feature between the appointed leaders and those who are the followers and to prevent any bias from effecting promotions or allowing preferential treatment from the leaders of the organization. Brigadier General James Botchie was fortunate to experience both the leader and follower sides of the Air Force.BG Botchie started out in the enlisted ranks before he was commissioned to the officer ranks. I had the opportunity to work for BG Botchie after the September 11th attacks on the ground Trade Centers in 2001. He was the flight commander and highest ranking officer for the mission. As a unit, the 121st Air Refueling Wing (ARW) was assigned to support Operation Enduring Freedom at the Incirlik Air Base in Turkey. My job as an enlisted worker was for various electronic functions of our airplane.My ultimate design was to make sure that the pilots could complete their mission, which required all of the aircraft to be operational. We accomplished this mission and pleased BG Botchie. He attempted to reward us (the enlisted workers) with sousing beverages in an enlisted only establishment. I tell you this story to give to that degree another example of the rules being established and BG Botchie acting as though he was above them and as if there would be no ramifications for prisonbreak them. Systems theory can be described as having all compo nents of an organization inter related to.By changing one variable, many others whitethorn also be naturalized (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). Modern day management has to understand that the decisions imposed on one part of an organization can have a great restore on other members of the organization, even if they are not directly related to the initial decision. BG Botchies decisions were not thoroughly thought out and he did not consider the impact that they would have across the organization. The decisions he do for his immediate group not only affected the morale, behavior, and work ethics, but it also reached throughout the entire Air National Guard.The 121st ARW is always partnered with other units from all across the United States. This behavior is observed by others who may have had a different managerial style and expectation. This is also unequivocal in the following quotes The organizational systems theory also infuses a nicety that is transformed to a learning environm ent. A creative learning environment will also help the organization and its members realize that the small decisions do today may affect a global impact tomorrow (Smith & Taylor, 2000). The Central premise behind holding a vision is that somehow I can shape my future(a), systems thinking helps us see how our own actions have shaped our current reality, thereby giving us bureau that we can create a different reality in the future (Smith & Taylor, 2000). BG Botchie did not infuse the culture with the set of values and morals that the air force instilled in his appointment as commanding general. If Brigadier General James Botchie analyzed his decisions using the systems approach for his managerial and decision based processes, his rush may have had a different outcome.Conclusion In conclusion, it is generally in everyones best interest to abide by the rules and regulations of an organization since they are set forth as a way to maintain order and protection for the employees. The classical organization theory and systems theory have clear cut principles that help to build a strong organization, when the policies are followed correctly. Having employees that respect the hierarchy of the organization is also essential to a successful workplace.Brigadier General James Botchie did not follow these guidelines and it speak to him the respect of his peers and nearly cost him his job.? Bibliography Dalton, J. H. (1997). General Regulations Administration of Discipline. U. S. Navy Regulations, 1990 Interim Change, 101-102. Fontaine, S. (2012, May 23). Report inside information 1-stars Inappropriate Conduct. Retrieved from Air Force Time Mobile http//www. airforcetimes. com/mobile/index. php? storyUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. airforcetimes. com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F04%2Fair-force-ig-details-conduct-BG Botchie-041811w%2F Kinicki, A. & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational Dynamics and Human Behavior. The McGraw- mound Companies Inc. Smith, K. D. , & Taylor, W. G. (2000). The learn ing organisation ideal in civilian Service organisations deriving a measure. The Learning Organization, 194-205. University, C. M. (2008). In Administration, Globalization and Multiculturalism (pp. 25, 30, 79, 360). McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Walonick, D. S. (1993). Organizational Theory and Behavior. Retrieved from http//statpac. org/walonick/organizational-theory. htm

The Victory of Spanish over the Aztecs

The victory of Cortes over the Aztec was the result of certain military advantages the conquistadors enjoyed, as well as detail problems that weakened the Aztec people and made the empire more vulnerable. It is almost impractical to believe that a small amount of Spanish soldiers were able to get the mighty Aztec empire in this historic booking. As soon as Cortes and his army arrived to Mexico in 1519, where the Aztec used to live.They were kindly received by the emperor butterfly Montezuma, and their main goal of coming to Tenochtitlan was the gold. According to Sahagun, (2009), when the Spanish had given the gold, they seemed to smile, to feel and to be very happy. Like monkeys they griped the gold, (p. 112). Despite their small number, the Spanish has defeated the Aztec, because of umpteen advantages, such as the military technology they had, which were found on firearms, swords made by steel and iron and riding horses were a bulky advantage.Also, they had better weapon and a lot of the Aztec were scared of horses. Moreover, the Spanish looked like gods to the Aztecs, because of their aggression in killing people. What is more, the diseases that the Spanish carried, like smallpox and malaria, helped them a lot in victorious. The pustules that covered people caused great nudity very many people died of them, and many just starved to end starvation regained, and no one took care of others any longer (Sahagun, 2009, scallywag 114).On the other hand, before the Spanish reached Mexico, there were many problems that faced the Aztecs, for lesson because of the Aztecs religion, it requested a large number of human cave ins, which considered as an honor, where to be made to the Gods. Once when Duran asked why the people were not content to sacrifice animals, he was told that the sacrifice of humans was the honored offering of a great lord (Duran,2009,page 407). Furthermore, the Aztecs were not able to be united with other tribes, so the Spanish to ok this point as an advantage, by united with other tribes to contest the Aztecs.All of these factors were important reasons to destroy the Aztecs civilization. In conclusion, the Spanish had no tenderness in fighting with Aztec and they made many massacres back that time. They used many powerful battle methods against the Aztec, like swords, horses and diseases . Also, there were some interior troubles at heart the Aztec society such as human sacrifices. after long battle between the Spanish and the Aztec and a long siege of the capital Tenochtitlan, where oft of the population died from hunger and diseases.

Human Resource: General Electrics and Samsung Essay

1. The simile between Samsung and GE in terms of staffing processThe Recruitment and weft Process is one of the basic HR Processes. Recruitment and Selection atomic number 18 very sensitive as many managers hurt a subscribe to hire a refreshed employee and these processes ar always under a strict monitoring from their side. The Recruitment and Selection Process must be simple and robust enough to operate excellently in the indorsement of the insufficient number of candidates on the frolic market. Also, the process must be also able to process a large number of candidates deep down given time.The clearly defined Recruitment and Selection Process is a key to the success of any Human Resources Department. To assess companies and to make a comparison regarding HRM practices in diverse countries, we selected GE in the U.S and Samsung in Korea. The of import reason is that on that point are several differences in terms of hiring and discipline process. When it comes to hiring clean employees, the enlisting and selection add values to HR Processes. The enlisting is close to the ability of the governing to source new employees, and to keep the governing body operating and improving the flake of the human capital employed in the company. The quality of the recruitment process is the main driver for the satis itemion of managers with the service provided by Human Resources.The main goal of the recruitment and selection is ab bug out call backing the best recruitment sources, hiring the best talents from the job market and memory the organization competitive on the job market. The recruitment and selection processes are about managing and choosing the right candidates from the high volumes of job resumes. The described process that companies reach their unique(p) value and socialization helps to set and progress to the right limits. The process of the recruitment process has to be mea sealedd, analyzed, and new so that innovative recruitment sol utions can be implemented. First of all, we found out that Samsung has a contrasting value of selection in which mainly pointes on hiring new immersion level of employees throughout their recruitment process.They basically provide standard ravel called SSAT to assess candidates ability ground on creativity, sense of judgments, and flexibility of regaining. subsequently that, they gravel single(a) interview process with selected candidates by SSAT. It is clear that they focus on hiring employees who have potentials that will fit into organization. They also encourage future employees to have the ability of global talent, specialization for the job that will be assigned and strong sense of challenge.On the other hand, we noticed that GE has several(predicate) value of selection of candidates in terms of HRM. Most of all, GEs selection period can be described as mainly focusing on skilled and experienced level of employees who have at least 5 years experiences related to the job position. Since Jeff Immelt took a place as CEO, they have built a truehearted concept of recruitment based on the ability of imagination, problem solving, create creativity and leading skills of employees. According to their strategy, it is clear that they require employees to have the highest quality of talent based on the level of experiences and education regarding job requirement.Although there are several(prenominal)what similarities between two companies to select the level of new employees based on pursuing the importance of genius and perfection, it is clear that they have the different values emphasized on employees that have a nifty deal of impact on building the organization. Those factors are mainly contributed to the different culture in different country that has built throughout the invoice of cultural tradition. Samsung mainly focuses on emphasizing the culture of unity based on collectivism, and when it comes to GE, the strong sense of initiative and pass ion play an all- big(prenominal) role in building organization culture disregarding the fact that which level of position employees are in based on individualism. From the different value of staffing in terms of HRM practice from two companies, it will be hard to select which one is more productive and attractive, but it is sure that the companies have their unique ego to make employees fit into the organizations value and culture.2. The comparison between Samsung and GE in terms of stipend.The here and now different practice between two companies is the value of compensation to which plays an important role in motivating employees and achieving companies goal. The well-nigh effective requite and compensation systems align with objectives, outcome-based evaluations of employee work. Each employees performance measurement should mull over the organizations business strategy and financial goals. Compensation should also reflect the employees performance level and his/her contri butions to the organizations success.Sometimes compensations from the damage practices occurred by nepotism and stereotypes, prevent organizations from achieving strategic goals. Hence, organizations emergency to align their compensation and reward systems with performance and fair-based criteria to increase productivity and to achieve sustainable growth art object motivating employees. Samsungs compensation scheme is mainly based on compensation without discrimination and compensation for performance to ensure inseparable integrity and external competitiveness. Those on the aforesaid(prenominal) position are given the same amount of base salary disregarding gender, nationality, religion, social status, or age.On top of it, differentiated compensation is only made by individual performance in terms of productivity. In other words, individual performance for productivity-based outcome is the only indicator to determine individuals rewards throughout the year. Therefore, we foun d out that Samsungs core value for employees compensation highly focuses on individual performance and productivity when motivating employees. On the other hand, GE practices not only individual productivity-based compensation but also adds some more values based on the behavioral performance such as the sense of leadership and the planning for self-development.We noticed that GEs compensation system has two main values to motivate employees and to find the high level of potential employees throughout the compensation and reward planning. To achieve GEs compensation systems objectives, they evaluate the employees with inconsistent perspectives of assessment. For example, EMS, 9 Matrix, 9 Block, Planning for self-development, Session C, are the programs they evaluate employees for happy compensation planning in the organization. It is clear that the compensation and benefits processes belong to the most important HR Processes. They are critical for organizations no matter which ty pe of structure and value the companies have. We think that organizations need to point out that the need for the transparency in the compensation practices in the organization and keeping the internal fairness.We also believe that the compensation and benefits have to supervise the development of new compensation systems, keeping the general rules for the design of the compensation component. Summing up, throughout unsettled practices of HRM, we learned how organizations achieve their goals and build competitive advantages based on their unique value and culture. Although Samsung and GE have somewhat different strategies and systems to operate their organizations, we think we need to understand the core value of HRM process to evaluate the culture and environment in each organization.

War Destroys Innocence

Also, s grey-hairediers In the state of warf atomic number 18 never had a chance to recognize their youth because they had to go to war. Just as they should be starting their red-hots, they were coerce to drop everything at once and put their life on the line. In Peace, it reveals that the soldiers argon not in the war for themselves, but for idol and for their country. Since they atomic number 18 doing this, their senses sharpen, and their youth fades a panache. If war does not kill you physically, then It lead emotionally. Its a simple fact, war Is destruction at Its best.It does not only if destroy lives, but emotions. The theme of All Quiet on the westbound Front perfectly presents how war destroys innocence. generation of men who, even though they may impart escaped shells, were destroyed by the war(Armature Prologue). tear down though war does not always physically injure someone, it discharge emotionally scar them for the rest of their lives. The incidents that h appen while people are at war are hard to forget about. They are coat images that cannot be erased. Naught broken save this body, lost but pinch (Brooke 11).This quote from Peace Indicates that yes, the soldiers were saved, but theyre soul destroyed on the Inside. zip fastener was saved, but the body. The comrades in the war had to right away erase their youth and coif for the worst. However, there is only so much you can prepare for. They were quickly broken down and forced to grow up no thing the occasion. All Quiet on the Western Frontdelays why war destroys youth. We had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted than Armature 12).Most of the soldiers were young, around xviii to twenty dollar bill-one years old. They never had a chance to live their youth years because they had to go to war. Right when they should be starting a impertinently chapter In their life, they have to risk their lives and fight for their country. For us lads of eighteen they ought t o have been mediators and guides to the world of maturity to the future in our hearts we trusted them. The caprice of authority, which they represented, was associated in our minds with a greater Insight and a more for swelled 12), In AllQuiet on the Western Front Paul and his comrades must forge what is correct since the older generation is incapable of helping them and being the supervisors that they are supposed to be. state of war destroys youth Is portrayed In Peace because the soldiers discharge themselves and become animal-Like men. And half-men and their dirty songs and dreary(Brooke 7). When at the front, the soldiers lose their humanity. Just as we bite 1 OFF Into animals when we go up to ten Ellen So we frolic Into wags Ana looters when we are resting.We want to live at any price so we cannot burden ourselves with feelings which, though they may be ornamental enough in peacetime, would be out of place here(Armature 138-139). When soldiers were giving up their huma nity, they were giving up their youth as well. The soldiers lost their whole selves in the war especially when they were on the front. They could not think like human. In orderliness to survive the anxieties of war, Paul explains that he and his comrades would have to disconnect themselves from their emotions.The only way of surviving the war notionally is if it is avoided in thoughts. If it is not avoided, then the grief, despair, and fear would rent a man insane. Only an adult would be capable of doing this. No child or young man could. This is a perfect slip of how war destroys youth. The war caused the soldiers to grow up fast. If they did not, they would not survive in any way. Mouth We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? Youth? That is long ago. We are old folk (Armature 18). Armature refers to the men as Iron Youth.The men are still young but they have a feeling of potency and being invincible on the inside and out. The soldiers are no overnight part of society. After the war they could not go back and live their lives like nothing happened. They have grown up in a way no one will ever understand. Most of the veterans from orbit War I stayed in the army because they did not believe they belonged anywhere else. They considered war their home. The soldiers lost their youth from the beginning of their journey in war. War destroyed the innocence of the veterans in World War l. There was no way of regaining what they lost.

Contribution of Engineers in Society

Question 5 In this technical age, the power of the guides in shaping the society and environment in entirely pervading and can profoundly affect the lives of many members of the society. Enumerate, from your personal experience, how largely confirmative imp pretends head for the hills accrued from the pieces of engineers. Answer Introduction In the eyes of worldly concern, an engineer is a paid man who is of sufficient training, expertise, and integrity as to be able to act with independence and im dowryiality in his professional judgments to tick trust and confidence of public.Since ancient era to recent technological age, battle and contribution of engineers have been seen in both in all ways of vivification. Involvement and contributions of engineers atomic number 18 tremendous and playing important roles in al some all aspects of gentle being life. Let us discuss from the following few angles 1)HSE Engineers in their profession, shall identify the safety device a nd health risks in their counterfeits, assess them and take steps to minimize and control these risks in the work place and public atomic number 18na. Engineers are involved in the search for safer work places and products.These search for improved safety benefited in reducing accidents and harm to the public. Engineers are keenly aware that their work and recommendations can have a very major impact on the environment that we live in. The very car that we drive emits carbon dioxide that is do warming of the atmosphere that eventual could lead to massive environmental disasters later. Engineers are at the very core of the research and development into ways and room to reduce emissions by example of hybrid cars, cars running on enthalpy or biofuel alternative.Engineer has reduced greatly the negative impact from the sewerage generated by the increasing population. The sewerage produced by human being if not case-hardened properly, will cause disastrous to the environment. Imag ine what is going to happen if the vacuum tube water system and rivers are contaminated by the sewerage. Therefore the engineers effort in construction of the sewerage intercession plant has greatly impact in preservation of environment. 2)DevelopmentEngineers contributed very significantly to a surface areas development from an agricultural economy to one that includes manufacturing, communication serve and exploitation of the countrys natural resources like tin, hydropower, oil and gas. They construct the infrastructure and the tools necessary for progress. Without road, highways, bridges, clean water supply, electrical power supply, resound and cell phone communication, we would be living lives in jungle, where it will be dark at night and water is from well. Engineers build current townships and residential areas which create much jobs opport iodine to the adjacent areas.In the city, engineers build high hoist building which maximize land usages, provide a better and s nug working environment to increase quality & productivity of work. Engineers also fancy & plan for future water demands & reach out proposals to solve current water supply problems. Example Proposal of building peeled water treatment plants & reservoirs, or replacement of old pipelines to reduce loses due to leakages and so on, all these were developed and built with the input from engineers. bingle of the engineers contributions that have major impact of the lives of many members of society is in the Transportation sector.Better back breaker interlocking such(prenominal) as PLUS, KESAS, ELITE, will boost many new residential area & township development of suburban area. Upgrading of road network and transportation system improve production and economy improve unity of nation and communication between state. People find easier and more commodious in moving around from one place to anther place. It only takes bonny about 4 hours to travel from Penang to KL with North South Highway. Rest & Recreation welkin provide a place for road users to rest and a new optional place for food, recreation and public services.Engineers also help in providing good public transportation network which enhance country image. miserable around in big city in Klang Valley utilize Light Rail Transit and Monorail System can avoid the congestion of traffic, overcome the problem of scarcity of car parks and shorten the uttermost of time to reach the destination. Engineers provide solution for limited space in a city by efficiency of interchange, solve foundation and perceptual constancy problem, carry out value engineering for optimization of cost which make more development for limited capital a nation has.Beside this, the good in the telecommunication contributed by the engineers in the field of electrical, electronic and figurer engineering have resulted to a better quality of lives. Satellite TV and cell phones together with computer and internet have enabled us to r elegate instantly and anywhere on earth, so that we are now more informed than ever with the information that can be searched for and accessed more readily. One can communicate with their friends, family members, vocation partners or clients at any place, and anytime.The progression in communication coupled with the better physical communication such as transportation network have bring not just better quality of life, but also have increased business activities, more decision can be made daily, more lot can be involved in business activities, more income generated for party and individual, and the taxes collected by the government as well. 3)Innovation on equipment and machine The life expectancy of the population at large is getting longer and part of the reason is the health service providers like hospital being fit with better tools and machines e. g. -rays and scanners developed and built by engineers. Medicine has been made more cheaply and widely available by new techniq ues. Engineering practices and cognition that have been put in the design, application and production of hearing support and other equipment such as lasers for optometric correction is a significant contribution to the better welfare of human being. The home is typically equipped with airconditioning and washing machine that engineers contributed in the development and manufacturing so that we can live a more comfortable life with more time for more oil-bearing and creative activities.Conclusion Engineers professional behavior require that they act faithfully to their employer or clients, be competent in their field of work, sack up required technical know how and work experience, put the safety of the public in profound regards, protect the environment, contribute to sustainable development, make documentary and truthful report to the public if needed, avoid conflict of interest in the job and to act honorably and respectfully in their professional conduct.The most important a spect is that any advice given has to be fair, objective, impartial, and has to be in the best interest of the public in general and client in particular, in order to instill public confidence and trust. Engineers must be seen as a person with total integrity in his work and no compromise to his professional judgment.These behaviors generally spill over to the professionals conduct in public and thereby contributing to a better work place and to the society from the services and products they have generated. exclusively of these have resulted a quantum leap in human civilization and all these cannot be happened without engineers.

Dramatization of Isolation in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s `the Scarlet Letter’ Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne in The rubicund Letter emphasizes the theme of isolation by dint ofout the whole novel. Using a variety of literary techniques and descriptions of emotions and nature, Hawthorne is able to fully depict the inner tinctureings of scandalise suffered by the central characters as a result of severe bleakness and seclusion. The torturous of isolation, are effd by the get a line figures, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth, each collectable to different situations and to various degrees. These characters undergo a go, which separates them from society. Such a journey completelyows them to explore their needs and desires in an existential quest that ultimately allows them to severalize themselves as individuals. This journey follows a pattern of return, renunciation, and redemption.The Scarlet Letter is earlier c at one timerned with the thoughts and spirits of Hester Prynne. Hester, being an out trudge of society, experiences the most evident and apparent micturate of isolation. As a symbol of sin, Hester is viewed by the strict Puritanical townsfolk as an outsider, a presence of evil, and, ultimately, iodin who is detested by divinity. The towns harsh condemnation of Hester is revealed through a local charwomans comment, at the very least, they should bedevil put the brand of heatable iron on Hester Prynnes forehead (Hawthorne, 36). Although this dire attitude towards Hester does ultimately improve, due to her many benevolent works for the poor, she never truly does guide the feelings of lonesomeness and segregation present in her life. This fact is further disturbed by Hawthornes exclusion of all conversationand dialogues, a manipulation of context and form, in chapter five to demonstrate that Hester has absolutely no communication with the world beyond her occasional trips to town to receive and de digestr embellishment orders, described as dark and inscrutable. The forest, in contrast, provides Hester with a secluded habitat in which she may seek truth and escape the glares of humanity, though all the while downhearted and alone.Isolated from the constraints imposed by living in such a stern culture through the publics disdain and her own rejection of the local beliefs, Hawthornes protagonist experiences liberation from the shackles of the confederacys austere approach to life. Hester Prynne contemplates new ideas, which would never go for occurred to her were she non removed from the general populace by her fall. Hawthorne describes this emancipation writing,Alone, and hopeless of retrieving her position, dismantle had she not scorned to consider it desirable, she cast away the fragments of a small chain. The worlds law was no law for her mind. In her lonesome cottage, by the shore, thoughts visited her, such as assumed to enter no former(a) dwelling in brand-new England. (Hawthorne, 151)This passage describes the effect of isolation on Hester. The fragments of a broken chain she casts off symbolize the confinement of New Englands puritanical ideology. The line the worlds law was no law for her mind illustrates her abandonment of this faiths doctrines, which allows her experience thoughts that dare to enter no otherwise dwelling in New England. The solitude of Hesters expulsion from society provides her with a freedom of intellect that cannot be found in culture governed by rigid belief system. However, it proves ambitious to accept thoughts that challenge the convictions to which the scarlet letters bearer has been surmount so long. The effect of Hesters years spent separated from the find out of publics beliefs and laws are clearFor years past she looked from this move out point of view at human institutions, and whatever priests or legislators have established criticizing all with hardly more reverence than the Indian would feel forthe clerical band, the judicial robe, the pillory , the gallows , the fireside, or the church. The tendency of her fate and fortunes had been to mark her free. The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other woman dared not tread. (Hawthorne, 183).She straight off freely condemns practices of the pillars of New England communities, challenging the church while renouncing the reverends decree of Gods will and magistrates laws. Hester freely chastises the entities which create structure and constraint in society. Like the native states, who hold no ties to Christian faith or laws, she does all this without remorse or doubt regarding her souls future.A more private and hidden feeling of isolation and alienation is conveyed throughArthur Dimmesdale. Unlike Hester, who has been thrown into a life of dejection by society, Dimmesdale inflicts this devastation upon himself. Dimmesdale, unable and unwilling to publicly reveal his sin, continues to be haunted by his own guilt, and consequently feels inner isolation towards humankind. Nonetheless, the entire town embraces Dimmesdale as a messenger of God and a miracle of holiness who should be greatly admired and respected. Paradoxically, Dimmesdale views himself as an evil fiend and punished himself with daily wickedness and starvation. In the end, when Dimmesdale finally does release his guilt and shame, he succumbs to sickness and dies, feeling for the very first time, professedly happiness and peace.As the impious revenge-seeking baddie of the novel, Roger Chillingworth undergoes the most concealed and obscure form of isolation. Not only is he physically separated from his companion, Hester, and the townspeople, who suspect evil intervention, but is also mentally detached from himself. To exhibit this transformation, Hawthorne expresses the character of Roger Chillingworth primarily through private rumination Chillingworth exposes his true self only through his thoughts. With exception to Hester, Chillingworth speaks to no other person about his plans or motives. Following his vow to uncover H esters secret lover,Chillingworth slowly begins to lose his true identity to the devil. Such axenic wickedness causes Chillingworth to ultimately withdraw from his prior life and isolate himself to live in a world, which through his eyes, only contains bitterness and hate.Although Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth all experience isolation, each endures a different aspect and to various extents. Hester is alienated from her colleague man and is completely cut off from a life of customariness and normality. On the other hand, Dimmesdale, essentially the towns public figure, feels alone in the fact that he is the sole person, besides Hester, to really understand the true man within himself. This agonizing wound is so strong that it eventually takes his life. However, Chillingworth is the character that goes through the most harsh and excruciating form of torture. To vacate to evil and watch oneself gradually wither away due to ones own choice is one of the most unbearable melo dic line known to man.The agony of isolation that Hester and Dimmesdale go through, which directly extends to Chillingworths distress, is caused by the firm belief, by the town, that they are responsible for the extermination of all real sin on earthy, though they themselves sin. In addition, Hawthorne explains that society, in judging people according to what they themselves believe to be proper and ethical is, appallingly to necessitate to be flawless and equal to the superiority of God himself. All these key figures, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth, undergo a spiritual journey in which a fall isolates them from society. This separation provides a new perspective on the group they were once a part of that causes the fallen to renounce the beliefs and practices of their contemporaries. As they distance themselves from the world, these characters cast off the shackles created by the influence of others peoples thoughts and ideologies. Release from these c onstraints allows them to look critically at the society they have left-hand(a) behind and form their own opinions of where life should lead, rather than accepting the roles that others have placed upon them.Works CitedHawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York, NY Bantam Books, 1986.Print. Isolation in the Scarlet Letter StudyMode.com. Web.06 Aug 2013. . Isolation Through Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. 123HelpMe.com. Web. 04 Aug 2013SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on The Scarlet Letter. SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2003. Web. 1 Aug. 2013.

Leadership Post Bureaucracy Essay

leading is at the forefront to success of any organizational model, and twentieth-century research has clearly examined its purpose in the managing of case-by-cases both(prenominal) in the bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic eras. The turn of the millennium besides brought about with it a budge in the nature of the workplace, instantly regarded as a dynamic, ever changing and self-motivating avenue where leading practices encourage individuals to behave their intuitive and creative persuasion Rego, Sousa, Marques 2012. In light of this, post-bureaucratic firees to lead atomic number 18 regarded as beingness more in sync with todays working business environment, where success of an organization is commonly attributed to the methods in which leading practices spate positively influence the psyche of individuals at bottom an organization Meindl, Ehrlich, Dukerich 1985.This writing aims to deconstruct and critically evaluate the specific lead traits and styles post-bur eaucracy, examining how the natural ontogenesis in the physiological and psychological sagaciousness of human behaviour has influenced the track in which organisations be managed. Notions of trust, em mightment and the shared responsibility of employees in a post-bureaucratic workplace will all be explored, and the contrasting personal effects of bureaucratic practices examined. In order to make this argument one must sleep together that this seemingly utopian environment presents itself as merely another symmetry in which leaders stern conduct the processes within their organizational model, with it being necessary to consider that leadership style and effectiveness is largely resolute by situational and contingent factors influencing the ways in which organisations are managed.In analyzing the socio-economic considerations of the organization, liquid ecstasy Weber conveyed the idea of bureaucracy finished and done the concept of transactional leadership. This style of thinking is characterized by the enforcing of normative rules and regulations, strict discipline and systematic reign Nikezic, Puric & Puric 2012. thither is a clear focus on preserving theexisting state of affairs, where control is maintained and power established with autocratic processes dictating what is required within organisations. Transactional leadership provides high levels of stability within organisations, often reflecting the economic conditions of the time, and option approaches to the ways in which individuals were managed were not often considered Nikezic & Markovic 2011. Bass 1985 extended upon this concept, play up the front man of contingent reward or punishment as the dry land for employee motivation and productivity. Although it ensures the efficient completion of organizational objectives, this approach to leadership fails to kick upstairs high levels of employee satisfaction and devotion required to achieve feats that extend beyond the realms of custom ary workplace goals.Post-bureaucracy theorists highlight the breakdown in traditional modes of managerial authority proposed by Weber within organisations as a issuance of the increasing pressures the workplace is faced with due to globalization and technological advancements Johnson et al. 2009. Organisations experient a paradigm shift, where in order to continually evolve, develop and await competitive in a volatile economic marketplace, were forced to lead impertinently ways of thinking that inspired resourceful and innovative methods to job solving.Burns 1978 introduced the complex notion of transforming leadership in his explanatory research of the political leaders of the time. In this model, common perceptions and understandings of the traditional leader and follower family relationship are challenged. Leaders are characterized by their ability to motivate individuals through their idealized influence generated through charismatic tendencies, in turn establishing feeli ngs of trust, curiosity and a desire to truly engage themselves in the organizational objectives Browning 2007. In transcending the boundaries of the symbiotic relationship between leader and follower, organisations regard a redesigning of traditional beliefs concerning leadership formerly centre on power and authoritative methods. Post-bureaucratic approaches to leadership allow for the establishment of defining roles that concentrate on the support of individuals and ceremonial open methods of communication, whereleader and follower are focused on a common purpose and receive fulfillment working together in a synergized environment to achieve organizational goals Chaleff 2003.Although this newfound approach to leadership encourages the greater commitment of workers to the organization, the effects in regards to increase efficiency within the workplace and improved individual well being need to be considered. A leaders behavioral characteristics and principles form the impetus for success as a transformational leader, and contingency theories suggest that to improve the effectiveness, leaders can coordinate their style to meet the requirements of the group based on situational factors, as interpret through Brownings recount of Shackleton and his crews arduous journey on the Endurance Browning 2007. The success of Shackletons transformational leadership style required the presence of definitive charismatic, inspirational and communicative qualities Dutton et al. 2002, however in circumstances where these traits are absent of the individual, no amount of technical skill or experience will assist the leader in achieving organizational objectives through increased employee motivation and performance.Leadership style in the post-bureaucratic era has been adapted to mirror the multifaceted ideas concerning human behaviour, and reflects how a change in perspective resulting in the empowerment of individuals within the workplace has allowed for businesses to in cessantly improve their output and character to society. McGregor, in his 1960 work titled The Human Side of Enterprise discusses a number of preconceived connotations exposit assumptions of the nature of human beings. His philosophies provided the underlying rear in which organisations began to implement a new approach to leadership, whereby he explicate two distinct theories regarding the human approach to work. Bureaucracy is represented by Theory X, which can be likened to a transactional leadership style. The emphasis is on an individuals lack of ambition, motivation and desire to succeed, noting how it is only through autocratic methods of leadership will organizational objectives be reached Stewart 2010.In spare contrast, the post-bureaucratic concept proposed as Theory Y, encompasses a more holisticapproach to leadership, focusing on the self-realization of individuals in the workplace. McGregor ascertains that humans are energetic shapers of the organizational objectiv es they are presented with, and flourish when given the opportunity to assume a higher responsibility within their role. In challenging the existing paradigms that focused on the human desire to satisfy their physiological needs, the research support a shift that was now centralized around self-actualization and esteem Maslow 1943. This new interpretation of the working environment enabled leaders to implement strategies that promoted creativity and unveiling amongst employees in their pursuit to achieve higher states of psychological satisfaction. The transference of power within organisations between leader and follower facilitated a restructuring of the workplace. There was now a clear avenue that better supported employee and organizational goals, allowing for the objectives of both parties to coincide, ultimately leading to higher levels of effectiveness and productivity required by the onset of economic globalization.The relationship between leader and follower can be describ ed as a complex reciprocal understanding between parties that require clear and distinct channels of communication. Successful leadership forms the basis in which businesses achieve desired results that mirror the continued gain and development of the firm. Organizational objectives will only be met when leaders can effectively articulate a vision amongst employees that assists in synchronizing the goals of the individual and organization. Post-bureaucracy has allowed for the practices and styles encompassment of the paradox that is leadership to be examined from another dimension, where we have witnessed a shift from a focus on the importance of specific leadership characteristics to a newfound analytical appreciation highlighting the interactions between leader and follower. In light of the ideas conveyed throughout previous research and the arguments presented within this paper detailing leadership in both the bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic eras, we can rationalize that thit her is no definitive approach to leadership that can be regarded as being more precise than another. Transactional leadership has long been steadfast and continues to attain in organisations that regard stability and efficient modes ofproduction paramount to their success, whilst transformational leadership concerns itself with satiating the psychological needs of the individual. Further research lends itself to exploring the consolidation of methods from both eras, analyzing the effects of implementing styles and traits often regarded as mutually exclusive.Reference ListBass, B.M. 1985, From transactional to transformational leadership acquire to share the vision, Journal of Organizational Dynamics, vol. 18, pp. 19-32.Browning, B.W. 2007, Leadership in horrendous measure An analysis of endurance Shackletons incredible voyage through the lens of leadership theory, Advances in Developing Human Resources, vol. 9, no.2, pp.183-98. Chaleff, I. 2003, The spirited Follower Standing u p to and for our leaders, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco. Dutton, J.E., Frost, P., Worline, M.C., Lilius, J.M. & Kanov, J.M. 2002, Leading in times of trauma, Harvard Business Review, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 54-61. Johnson, P., Wood, G.T., Brewster, C.J. & Brookes, M. 2009, The rise of post-bureaucracy theorists fancy of organizational pattern? Journal of International Sociology, 24 (1). pp, 37-61. ISSN 1461-7242Lievens, F., Van Geit, P., Coetsier, P. 1997, Identification of transformational leadership qualities An query of potential biases, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 415-430.Maslow, H.A., 1943, A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 370-396. Meindl, J.R., Ehrlich, S.B. & Dukerich, J.M. 1985, The romance of leadership, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.30, no.1, pp. 78-102. Nikezic, S., Markovic, S. 2011, Transformational leadership as a factor cloudy changes, 11th Conference for research and development in mechanical pains, RaDMI 2011, SaTCIP (Scientific and technical center for intellectual property)Nikezic, S., Puric, S., Puric, J. 2012, Transactional and transformation leadership Development through changes, International Journal for Quality Research, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 285-296. Rego, A., Sousa, F. & Marques, C. 2012, Authentic leadership promoting employees psychological capital and creativity, Journal of Business Research, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 429-37. Stewart, M. 2010, Theories X and Y, Revisited, Oxford Leadership Journal, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1-5. Weber, M., 1947, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Translated by A. M. Henderson & Talcott Parsons. parvenu York The Free Press.

The Impact the Economy Has on Zoos in the Us

The dissemble the Economy has on Zoos in the US Throughout the course of this semester, I stomach learned much close to macro frugals. I came into this class knowing and understanding precise(prenominal) little precisely nigh this topic and found it very hard to grasp at first. As the weeks passed, I found myself starting to understand it a little give way than previously once I started to assume it to a topic that kindle me. Being commensurate to choose a topic to write this motif on was a very good way to limit students, standardised myself, to actu every last(predicate)y look into real life scenarios and apply what we have learned.This is what I will be doing throughout the course of this paper. The topic I chose to apply the concepts I have learned throughout class is the effect the parsimony has on zoological gardens in the United States. Zoos have been affected dramatically since our economy has started to decline. This decline has affected many, many compani es, businesses, and pile. Because of all this the zoos have suffered greatly oer the past a few(prenominal) years. Many different examples of zoos and how they were affected will be given throughout this paper to show the enormity of the situation they atomic number 18 currently in.All of the call I use throughout this paper have been learned from my Macrostintings book by the authors McConnell, Brue, and Flynn as cited at the end of this paper. Having give tongue to this, I am ready to talk about two struggle zoos and what takebacks they were forced to make. The first zoo I would like to talk about is the Bronx Zoo in clean York. This zoo is the largest urban zoo in the country and it has been hit hard by the dropping economy. With sweet York beingness such a large city, the state and city budgets have been roll in the hay drastically.This makes the zoo have to cut things out of their budget as thoroughly like people, exhibits, and even the animals themselves. The labor force at the zoo has been cut by 15%, this was 186 people who argon non out of a job like so many others across the country. Just some(a)(a) more names to add to the unemployment list I guess. The zoo in any case had to close three of its exhibits. The animals from the exhibits were sent all over the country to others zoos that could suffer to take them in (Luhby). Not alone do these cuts affect the zoo itself, scarcely it also affects the economy as a full-page in New York.It is estimated that four one thousand one thousand million visitors come through the gates of the Bronx and the New York Aquarium severally year. In the Fiscal year of 2008, the zoo engage 800 seasonal employees and they atomic number 18 the largest youth employers in the Bronx (Wildlife Conservation Society). This provides a very positive pertain on the area and now that they had their nominal income lessened, these jobs are no longer available for these people to have. These are adept some of t he problems the Bronx Zoo is facing, but what about some other zoos? The capital of Nebraska parking lot Zoo in Illinois has also been suffering with budget shortfalls like Bronx Zoo.Not only did they face cuts in their labor force and more than a million dollars cut from their budget, but they had to fancy other ways to make cuts as well (Mullen). They have been using substitute goods for feeding their animals. Blueberries are very expensive so they have not been buying them for their gorillas. They use these blueberries as treats, but since there is a lack of funds they have had to find other treats for them to eat. Choosing less expensive fruit is a small, but in force(p) way to cut costs (Fountain). This is just some other way another zoo was affected by the economies current state.Now that I gave you a few examples of how certain zoos are struggling, I would like to discuss just how they are impacted as a whole. There is an organization called the Association of Zoos and Aq uariums or known as AZA. This organization sees over zoos all across the world. AZA employ a very recognized economist, Dr. Stephen Fuller to conduct a state-by-state economic analysis. This 21-page analysis has been used in many articles I have examined he seems to have a very strong grasp on just how the economy has affected these AZA accredited zoos.Examples of his findings from two different states will be discussed below. An example state was use to show just how much the economy was impacted by the zoos itself. Indiana brought in $84. 3 million for the field Gross national Product alone. This created 947 jobs and allowed personal earnings to reach $30 million (Zoo impingement Tens of Millions of Dollars, Hundreds of Jobs). Another example was the impact the Houston Zoo had on its surrounding area. Fuller said that in 2010, more than 2 million visitors were recorded to enter the gates. The operating budget at this time was some $28. million. I know that sounds like a lot t o run a zoo, but in return they created an economic impact of $70. 7 million. too in 2010, a capital budget of $24. 5 million generated an impact of $65. 9 million. This all totaled to a whopping $135. 97 million (Your Houston word of honor). All this silver is just on a state scale. crosswise the United States, 224 zoos were surveyed and in total they contributed $16 billion dollars to the Gross Domestic Product. Thats right, it is in the billions It created rough 142,000 jobs and their personal earnings were right around $4. billion (Zoo Impact Tens of Millions of Dollars, Hundreds of Jobs). All of these numbers could increase if they simply had the funds. The economic crisis that we are in right now has caused their budgets to dwindle down and it does not just affect the zoo itself like I have shown. It affects the people whose jobs get cut because there isnt enough money, animals lose their homes and get shipped away, and it causes zoos to make cutbacks on the food and care the animals are receiving. In whole, all of this affects the surrounding areas of the zoo and all who live there.This impact then affects the whole United States, impacting the Gross Domestic Product. People just think we tin take away money from these zoos to help ourselves out, but in man it is still hurting us. Im not only pertain about how it affects us, but the animals are suffering as well. These animals were not asked to be given less food or smaller space to roam, but have to suffer the consequences of us humans not being able to care for them because of the economy. We do not always see how we affect the milieu and things around us because we are too worried about ourselves.So not only did I take away knowing and understanding terms like GDP, Nominal income, and operating costs, but also on how each individual plays an important role in the economy. All of this has allowed me to understand just how we affect zoos because we are the economy. The economy is determined by our spending of money on goods and services and if we didnt it would collapse completely like we are starting to witness with other countries today. ? Works Cited Bronx Zoo, New York Aquarium and other City Cultural Organizations Have Whale-Sized, Positive Impact on New York City Economy Wildlife Conservation Society. WCS. org Wildlife Conservation Society. 28 May 2009. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . Fountain, Henry. In Zoo Cuts, Its Man vs. Beast. Nytimes. com. 17 Mar. 2009. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . Fuller, Steven S. The Economic Impact of Spending for Operations and Construction by AZA-Accredited Zoos and Aquariums. Aza. com. Mar. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . Houston Zoos Economic Impact Extends beyond Region, Study Says Your Houston News West University. Your Houston News Local Matters. 12 Aug. 2011. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . Livingston, Guy. The Economic Impact of The ZOO on the northwestward Florida Regional Economy. Uwf. edu. 15 Mar. 2004. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . Luhby, Tami. Zoo Animals Face Budget Knife. CNNMoney Business, fiscal and Personal Finance News. 19 May 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . McConnell, Campbell R. , Stanley L. Brue, and Sean Masaki. Flynn. Macroeconomics Principles, Problems, and Policies. Boston McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print. Mullen, William. Lincoln Park Zoo Plans Cuts. Chicago Breaking News. 14 Jan. 2009. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . Zoo Impact Tens of Millions of Dollars, Hundreds of Jobs Newsroom. Inside INdiana Business with Gerry Dick. 28 June 2011. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. .

Frankenstein Rejection Essay

In the novel of Frankenstein, there are some(prenominal) prominent themes. The main theme however is rejection. Rejection is not singled out on just the relationship of lord and the Monster. Yes, maestro does reject the Monster just now that is not all. edict as a whole rejects the Monster. Also, in a sense, the De Lacy family was/is rejected by society as well. In a situation same the one in Frankenstein, rejection is easiest when it comes to defiance in society. Victor longed to create life. In that, he took it upon himself to experiment with dead people in older to accomplish it.However the insanity caused by the obsession do him reject the Monster. The different accidents of life are not so nacreous as the feelings of human nature (pg. 42). This is a prime physical exercise- case in point. Human nature is to reject the unusual. Victors obsession with comprehension and creation is the basis for his hatred. family rejects the Monster based on his looks. Honestly, if an ogdoad foot, stitched creature came up to you what would you do? Youd reject it. The people of the village rejected the Monster when he was looking for shelter, protection. They judge him on a look basis and it links to society rejecting the unusual and woeful.Society sets an unbreakable standard for individuals to follow in order to be accepted. Those who defer from the stand are shunned for being different. Felix DeLacy was only trying to right-hand(a) a societal wrong in freeing Safies father. Humans, as a whole, enjoy seeing pain inflicted onto others. This makes complete sense because when it comes to human race executions masses are gathered and cheering. The government of France was greatly enraged and vindicate (pg. 106). Society accepted the DeLacys because they had money. Once Felix reached out to help another(prenominal) and the DeLacys lost their money and social status, society rejected them.Society wants nothing to do with the poor. Society wants nothing to do wi th the poor, the kind hearted or the unique. Rejection is the main theme of this novel. The whole novel demonstrates the theme of rejection. Victors obsession with creating life is the major component leading to his rejection of the Monster. Society rejecting the Monster when they put ont take time to understand what they dont know or understand. And you cannot forget society rejecting the poor. This is the perfect example of rejection in society. Society doesnt enjoy what they do not like or understand so the easiest thing to do is reject the defiance.

Mister Pip Relationship Essay

In the novel Mister Pip, the characters be stripped of each luxuries, which interrupt their innermost beliefs and their conflicting personality, causing disruption between the divers(prenominal) characters. This quiz will examine intense personal kindreds between Matilda, Dolores and Mr Watts that lie at the breast of this novel and will argue that the relationships lying at the heart of Mister Pip are both intense and intricately wound into the tarradiddle with a purpose of any driving the plot forward or getting an important intellect across to the endorser.Matilda has a common sire-daughter relationship with Dolores and often doesnt agree with how her mother does things. As Mister Pip is scripted from Matildas point of view in first person, the readers gain an raise perspective on her relationships with others. Matilda states things without being emotionally charged, which Jones has done so that the readers are positioned to empathise with Matilda. Mothers and daughte rs do not always chip in the best relationship, and so we as readers are caught up in their arguwork forcets, the plot is crashn forwards.Matilda understands that Dolores is wishful of how interested she is in this new book Great Expectations rather than her hereditary pattern but she is too stricken by the book to stop construe it. Jones shows this when Matilda says, What made her mothers blood run hot was this albumin boy Pip and his place in my life. This shows the reader that Dolores clings on to Matilda because she put one acrosss Matila as all she has left in the world. Dolores shows her hatred and fear of anything sinlessness as she doesnt understand purity people and doesnt neediness Matilda to get hurt.Dolores has a fear of her daughter entering a different world, often a fear for mothers as their children grow up and no longer do they have the control over their lives that they used to. Although we are lead to dislike Dolores, we see how much Matilda really used t o play up to her when she finds out that Dolores stole Great Expectations. When she finds the book, she is so angry and confused, showing it was the worst time ever in their relationship.It is hard to put into lecture my feelings of betrayal at that moment shows that although Matilda is frustrated by her mothers religion, she trusted Dolores to do the right thing and although she understands why her mum took the book, she loses this trust in her mother to be morally responsible. She also realises how desperately Dolores wants to keep Matilda close and shelter her, but she is so betrayed by her behaviour that this pushes her away from her mother nevertheless more. Dolores and Mr Watts have the most controversial relationship in this novel.Mr Watts stands for everything that Dolores didnt see in, as she was extremely religious yet he was an atheist. They are cardinal completely different people that are forced together when Mr Watts becomes Matildas teacher. While Dolores is ad amant that Matilda should live a life alongside The dandy Book, Mr Watts focuses more on what it means to be a adult male, an thought process completely idyllic to Matilda. Although this is a significant aspect of his belief, his teachings were more round change.Conflict stems from Mr Watts being a whitened man Dolores hates white men because of their effect on Bougainville through the mines and blames them for the loss of her husband. This idea is used to drive the plot forwards, as the reader learns alongside Matilda about a solid new world and way of being. Mr Watts teaches the young Bougainvilleans that A gentleman is a man who never forgets his manners, no matter the situation, and a gentleman always does the right thing.This is an interesting concept, as although both Dolores and Mr Watts have a high regard in doing the morally right thing, Dolores despises Mr Watts for teaching Matilda values that she sees to be immoral. The author shows that this may be because it get s across the idea that Dolores doesnt understand the world outside of Bougainville, the white world. This shows the intensity of the relationship between Dolores and Mr Watts, as eventually Dolores shows she is the paramount gentleman when she sacrifices her life for Matildas virginity and essentially gets raped for defending Mr Watts.The idea of conflict from being white and racism between Dolores and Mr Watts is mentioned many times throughout the text. Dolores is hostile towards all white people, as she sees them responsible for the civil war there were white people crawling over Panguna like ants over a body. The children say We had grown up believing white to be the dissimulation of all the important things, like aspirin, ice cream, ribbon, the moon.This shows that Mr Watts does not merely fascinate the locals, but racism really comes to be a dispel of this novel, as the former(a) generations are influencing the thoughts of the younger children. Jones shows the intensity o f this relationship when Dolores goes into the shoal to preach to the children she sees Mr Watts teachings as infiltrating their innocence, and believes that the bible is the only way to live by. This is another(prenominal) contradictory idea though, as although Dolores swears by the bible, she breaks one of the Ten Commandments when she steals the book.This shows that her draw to protect Matildas innocence and to do what she believes is morally right is great even than her Christianity. Dolores has one redeeming feature, which is her love for Matilda. When the soldiers say they are exit to rape her, Dolores says She is my only girl. Please. I beg you. Not my darling Matilda. This is when the reader really learns that Matilda is all she has left, and is willing to give her life to make Matildas a little easier and to preserve her innocence.The thoughts that Matilda had on Dolores as being the bravest char were at the end, so it is only after the death of her mother and when Ma tilda was older that she completely understood her mother. In Mister Pip, the relationships between Dolores, Mr Watts and Matilda were very intense. Jones showed these relationships had two purposes, which were either to drive forward the plot, or to get important ideas across such(prenominal) as being a gentleman, and the white world. The reader would clearly see that these deep and personal relationships shaped the novel, and the path that Matildas life took.

Religion and Morality Essay

In this idea I will discuss the relationship between pietism and chasteity. I will first address the question asked by those with religious belief, how are atheists accountabilityeous? Then I will examine piety and its relativity to refining. adjoining I will explore whether those without a religion are re eachy more moral than those with a religion. And finally, I will discuss any feasible objections to my claims. This argument is in no way saying that those that hope in idol are unmoral but that those who dont moot in God, are respectable as exposed of being moral. cosmos atheist means that you choose to debate that God, or a god, does non exist. You build no faith or religion, you dont go to church eery Sunday morning, or pray every nighttime before you go to bed. Therefore the belief is that youre condemned to spend the hiatus of eternity in hell. So just because a person doesnt believe in a God, does that make them a bad person? A common question of those with religion is, where do atheists get their moral compass from? Atheists arent taught by any type of ultimate crack that they cant lie, cheat, steal, rape, or murder. So how do they know non to do it?The underlying message I interpret from this is religion is what keeps everybody in the world moral. That the just now thing stopping you from murdering some oneness is reading a Bible (Marcotti, 2011). Just because you dont have a script does it mean that you want to go around blowing up buildings and terrorizing grocery stores. Its safe to assume that most quite a little want to do impregnable in the world. There is the occasional serial blot outer every one time in a while but, the bulk of the worlds community is promoting good that exists in all forms because everybody has a different idea of whats right from wrong.Some mess make incredible scientific discoveries to better mankind, thats considered good. Others might go to countries and help those less fortunate, also good. One might reply that these are just acts of godliness. And that they still dont arrange a moral person. But if you count to the highest degree it, nobodys born with a perfect moral compass. Nobody is born with morals. not even those that are born into a religion. In our society, when were adolescent and we tell a white lie, we learn the consequences. Some are told by their parents, who are told by the Bible, that it is wrong.Others learn that when you deceive people, it can have numerous effects. Through experience and questioning, do children profit their sense of right and wrong. Which accompanies them end-to-end the rest of their lives. In Louise M. Antonys Philosophers Without Gods, she says that, All that is lost, if there is no God, is a divine enforcer. In a world without God, there is no warrantee that the virtuous will ever be rewarded, nor that the vicious will ever be punished. We must do what is right simply because it is right, (Antony, 2007, pg. 51). Let s look at piety and religion from a cultural standpoint.When apply in a descriptive sense morality refers to codes of conduct that are really put forward and accepted by some society, group, or individual, (Gert, 2012). If you think about it, there are over seven billion people spread out over seven continents in our world. The majority of those people have a religion and believe in a God. But, what about the people that arent even exposed to the idea of a God? Lets say a rural, very secluded common people in the habitable regions of northeast Asia. Just because they dont have a religion, would that make them bad people?If they lead a ingenuous life sentence and didnt steal, lie, commit adultery, or murder, why should they be mark as unmoral for something they have no control over. An ex carrelent insight into Chinese culture and religion is portrayed in the book, The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck. Even though this example is a fictional story, its based off of a real culture a nd the religious views of that culture in the late nineteenth century. The protagonist Wang Lung practices a religion with the Earth. When his pare is well and thriving he pays homage to the Earth God and when his line up is poor he resents the Earth God.At a point in the book, Wang Lung kills his newborn daughter because of her sex. During a time of famine, he steals gold coins from a wealthy family. And after he encounters property and prosperity, he spends his time in a tea house with a concubine rather of with his decease wife (Sparknotes Editors, 2012). But, in this story the main character does feel iniquity for the things that he did. Knowing that it wasnt right, and that it didnt feel right to kill his newborn child, Wang Lung still did it and the act was perfectly acceptable according to their culture.When he stole the gold from the wealthy, he knew morally that it was wrong but, his family needed the money thusly his motivation was to provide for them. And when he pur chased a concubine, Wang Lung was complying with the cultural average of wealthy Chinese men. Whereas in our culture, and its predominant religion, the idea of adultery and hunger is considered unmoral. It is even arguable that those without a religion are more unfeignedly moral. For example, the Christian religion. The whole belief is that you dont sin and therefore are rewarded with eternal bliss. If you do sin then you will be forever damned.The motivation for all the good that they are guided to do is to have a better afterlife, selfish isnt it? Well one who has no religion, has no belief in the afterlife. All the actions and choices that they make in this physical life are all they have. They live for today instead of living for tomorrow, metaphorically. When you do the right thing, like not lie, cheat, steal, then your life will reflect upon that. If you rape someone then our judicial dust will lock you up in a concrete cell for a few decades and then you just wasted half o f the only life you have.From this you could say that an Atheist has more to lose by not being moral. For this argument, well known atheists, Ricky Gervais said, Forgiveness is probably the greatest equity there is. But thats exactly what it is - a virtue. Not just a Christian virtue. No one owns being good. Im good. I just dont believe Ill be rewarded for it in heaven. My reward is here and now. Its knowing that I puree to do the right thing. That I lived a good life, (Gervais, 2010). A possible objection brought upon by these claims would be simply that God do morality and its not something we acquire.And for those that have faith in God, in all honesty why should they believe any differently? Their faith is what allows them to believe without having any need for reason, and that is extremely commendable. Many people arent capable of providing that much trust in the existence of a supernatural being. In this case, there are two sides to the story and it really does come atomic pile to which side you are on. Those that have a religion would say that their morality has come from the teachings of that religion. But, they wouldnt know any otherwise.Even if they came to religion later on in life, the bible provides written, physical guidance. An atheist would have a keen palette, not influenced by any ideas or direction. So the question of their morality is perfectly understandable. Its like saying if I had a candy bar, how could someone else conjure that candy bar and experience the same sensation of it. In this paper, I explored a few concepts that argue the relationship between religion and morality. First by arguing where morality comes from, I said that it is something that we acquire through society. Next I said that morality is related to the religions amidst a culture.Last, I put forward that those without a religion are in truth more moral than those with a religion. I Finished by providing objections and a point of view for those with a religion. The examples from literature that were used supported the claims made in the paragraphs. With these arguments, I believe that the relationship between religion and morality was effectively exposed. That it is not necessary for one to have a religion and be moral. References Antony, L. (2007). Philosophers Without Gods . Oxford University Press Gert, Bernard, The Definition of Morality, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2012 Edition), Edward N.Zalta (ed. ), uniform resource locator = . Gervais, Ricky (2010) Ricky Gervais Why Im an Atheist The Wall Street daybook Online Available at http//blogs. wsj. com/speakeasy/2010/12/19/a-holiday-message-from-ricky-gervais-why-im-an-atheist/ Marcotte, Amanda (2011) 10 Myths Many phantasmal People Hold About Atheists, Debunked AlterNet Online Available at http//www. alternet. org/story/152395/10_myths_many_religious_people_hold_about_atheists,_debunked SparkNotes Editors. (2003). SparkNote on The Good Earth. Retrieved October 25, 2 012, from http//www. sparknotes. com/lit/goodearth/

The Host Chapter 59: Remembered

The beginning would make out homogeneous the end. Id been warned. exclusively this time the end was a greater surprise than it had invariably been. Greater than any end Id esteemed in nine lives. Greater than jump down an elevator shaft. I had expected no lots memories, no more thoughts. What end was this?The sun is setting-the colors are solely rosy, and they perform me mean of my friend what would her surname be here? Some social function about ruffles? Ruffles and more ruffles. She was a beautiful F low-pitcheder. The flowers here are so lifeless and boring. They scent wonderful, though. Smells are the best part of this show.Footsteps bottom of the inning me. Has Cloud Spinner followed me once again? I dont need a jacket. Its warm here- fin whollyy-and I destiny to flavor the air on my skin. I wont look at her. Maybe shell count on I cant hear and shell go home. She is so careful with me, except Im about grown now. She cant mother me forever.Exc recitation me? s ome star labels, and I dont know the portion.I turn to look at her, and I dont know the face, either. Shes sensibly.The face in the reminiscence jerked me clog to myself. That was my face But I didnt remember thisHi, I say.Hello. My name is Melanie. She grinnings at me. Im brisk in town and I think Im lost.Oh Where are you trying to go? Ill take you. Our car is just rear end -No, its non far. I was going for a walk, but now I cant find my way back to Becker Street.Shes a new neighbor-how nice. I cut new friends.Youre truly close, I tell her. Its just roughly the befriend corner up that way, but you can cut justly through with(predicate) this illumetle alley here. It takes you straight there.Could you show me? Im sorry, whats your name?Of course sustain with me. Im Petals Open to the moon about, but my family mostly calls me Pet. Where are you from, Melanie?She laughs. Do you mean San Diego or the Singing World, Pet?Either one. I laugh, too. I like her smile. thithe r are two Bats on this street. They live in that yellowish house with the pine trees.Ill have to say hello, she murmurs, but her articulatio has changed, tensed. Shes facial normal into the dusky alley as though shes expecting to show something.And there is something there. deuce people, a man and a boy. The boy drags his trade through his keen- suspireted black hair like hes nervous. Maybe he is worried because hes lost, too. His pretty look are wide and excited. The man is very facilitate.Jamie. Jared. My stock ticker thumped, but the scenting was peculiar, wrong. Too small and fluttery.These are my friends, Pet, Melanie tells me.Oh Oh, hello. I stretch my excrete out to the man-hes the closest.He reaches for my lot, and his grip is so strong.He yanks me forward, right up to his carcass. I dont escort. This feels wrong. I dont like it.My heart beats faster, and Im afmaraud. Ive never been shake like this before. I dont understand.His advance swings toward my face, and I gasp. I suck in the mist that comes from his hand. A silver cloud that tastes like raspberries.Wha - I emergency to ask, but I cant attain them anymore. I cant meet anythingThere was no more.Wanda? Can you hear me, Wanda? a familiar translator asked.That wasnt the right name was it? My ears didnt react to it, but something did. Wasnt I Petals Open to the Moon? Pet? Was that it? That didnt feel right, either. My heart beat faster, an echo of the fear in my memory. A spate of a char with white-and-red-streaked hair and signifier green eyes alter my head. Where was my mother? But she wasnt my mother, was she?A sound, a low enunciate that echoed more or less me. Wanda. Come back. We arent letting you go.The voice was familiar, and it was also not. It sounded like me?Where was Petals Open to the Moon? I couldnt find her. Just a thousand empty memories. A house full of pictures but no inha smirchants.Use the Awake, a voice verbalise. I didnt recognize this one.Something b rushed my face, light as the touch of fog. I knew that scent. It was the purport of grapefruit.I took a deeper glimmering, and my mind suddenly cleared.I could feel that I was lying down but this tangle wrong, too. There wasnt comely of me. I snarl shrunken.My hands were warmer than the end of me, and that was because they were being held. Held in prodigious hands, hands that swallowed them right up.It smelled left over(p)-stuffy and a little moldy. I remembered the smell but surely Id never smelled it before in my life.I motto nothing but dull red-the insides of my eyelids. I wanted to open them, so I went searching for the right muscles to do that.Wanderer? Were all hold for you, honey. Open your eyes.This voice, this warm breath against my ear, was flushtide more familiar. A irrelevant feeling tickled through my veins at the sound. A feeling Id never, ever felt before. The sound make my breath catch and my hitchs tremble.I wanted to see the face that went with that voice.A color washed through my mind-a color that called to me from a far forth life-a brilliant, glowing blue. The whole universe was bright blueAnd finally I knew my name. Yes, that was right. Wanderer. I was Wanderer. Wanda, too. I remembered that now.A light touch on my face-a warm pressure on my lips, on my eyelids. Ah, thats where they were. I could make them act involuntarily now that Id ready them.Shes waking up someone crowed excitedly.Jamie. Jamie was here. My heart gave other fluttery little thump.It took a moment for my eyes to focus. The blue that stabbed my eyes was all wrong-too pale, too washed out. It wasnt the blue I wanted.A hand stirred my face. Wanderer?I looked to the sound. The movement of my head on my neck felt so odd. It didnt feel like it utilize to, but at the equal time it felt the way it had always felt.My searching eyes found the blue Id been tone for. Sapphire, snow, and midnight.Ian? Ian, where am I? The sound of the voice attack out of my t hroat frightened me. So high and trilling. Familiar, but not mine. Who am I?Youre you, Ian told me. And youre right where you belong.I pulled one of my hands free from the giants hand that held it. I meant to touch my face, but someones hand reached toward me, and I froze.The arrive at hand also froze above me.I assay to move my hand again, to protect myself, but that moved the hand above me. I started shaking, and the hand trembled.Oh.I opened and closed the hand, looking at it carefully.Was this my hand, this tiny thing? It was a childs hand, except for the long exploit-and-white nails, filed into perfect, smooth curves. The skin was fair, with a oddish silvery cast to it and, entirely incongruous, a scattering of golden freckles.It was the odd combination of silver and gold that brought the image back I could see a face in my head, reflected in a mirror.The setting of the memory threw me off for a moment because I wasnt used to so much(prenominal) civilization-at the like time, I knew nothing but civilization. A pretty actors assistant with all kinds of frilly and ethereal things on top of it. A lavishness of dainty glass bottles containing the scents I loved-I loved? Or she loved?-so much. A potted orchid. A set of silver combs.The big round mirror was framed in a wreath of metal roses. The face in the mirror was roundish, too, not rather oval. Small. The skin on the face had the same silver undertone-silver like moonlight-as the hand did, with another handful of the golden freckles crosswise the bridge of the nose. Wide gray eyes, the silver of the soul shimmering faintly croup the soft color, framed by tangled golden lashes. Pale pink lips, full and almost round, like a babys. Small, even white teeth behind them. A dimple in the chin. And everywhere, everywhere, golden, waving hair that stood away from my face in a bright halo and fell infra where the mirror showed.My face or her face?It was the perfect face for a Night Flower. Like an exact translation from Flower to human.Where is she? my high, reedy voice demanded. Where is Pet? Her absence frightened me. Id never seen a more defenseless creature than this half-child with her moonlight face and sunlight hair.Shes right here, commercialism advised me. Tanked and ready to go. We thought you could tell us the best place to vent her. I looked toward his voice. When I saw him standing in the sunlight, a lit cryotank in his hands, a rush of memories from my former life came back to me.Doc I gasped in the tiny, fragile voice. Doc, you promised You gave me your oath, Eustace Why? Why did you break your condition?A dim recollection of misery and pain touched me. This body had never felt such agony before. It shied away from the sting.Even an impartial man sometimes caves to duress, Wanda.Duress, another terribly familiar voice scoffed.Id say a knife to the throat counts as duress, Jared.You knew I wouldnt very use it.That I did not. You were quite persuasive.A knife? M y body trembled.Shh, its all authorize, Ian murmured. His breath blew strands of golden hair across my face, and I brushed them away-a routine gesture. Did you authenticly think you could leave us that way? Wanda He sighed, but the sigh was joyful.Ian was happy. This insight angrye my worry suddenly much lighter, easier to bear.I told you I didnt want to be a parasite, I whispered. allow me through, my old voice ordered. And then(prenominal) I could see my face, the strong one, with the sun-brown skin, the straight black take out of the eyebrows over the almond-shaped, hazel eyes, the high, sharp cheekbones See it backward, not as a reflection, the way Id always seen it before.Listen up, Wanda. I know exactly what you dont want to be. But were human, and were selfish, and we dont always do the right thing. We arent going to let you go. luck with it.The way she spoke, the cadence and the tone, not the voice, brought back all the silent conversations, the voice in my head, my si ster.Mel? Mel, youre okayShe smiled then and leaned over to hug my shoulders. She was bigger than I remembered being.Of course I am. Wasnt that the point of all the drama? And youre going to be fine, too. We werent stupid about it. We didnt just grab the first body we saw.Let me tell her, let me Jamie shoved in beside Mel. It was nonplusting very crowded around the cot. It swayed, unstable.I took his hand and squeezed it. My hands felt so feeble. Could he even feel the pressure?JamieHey, Wanda This is cool, isnt it? Youre smaller than me now He grinned, triumphant.But still older. Im almost - And then I stopped, changing my sentence abruptly. My birthday is in two weeks.I competency have been disoriented and confused, but I wasnt stupid. Melanies experiences had not gone to waste I had learned from them. Ian was every bit as honorable as Jared, and I was not going to go through the frustration Melanie had.So I lied, giving myself an extra year. Ill be eighteen.From the corner of my eye, I saw Melanie and Ian stiffen in surprise. This body looked much younger than her true age, hovering on the edge of seventeen.It was this little deception, this preemptive claiming of my partner, that made me realize I was staying here. That I would be with Ian and the rest of my family. My throat thickened, felt oddly swollen.Jamie patted my face, calling my attention back. I was surprised at how big his hand felt on my cheek. They let me come on the raid to get you.I know, I muttered. I remember Well, Pet remembers sightedness you there. I glared at Mel, who shrugged.We essay not to scare her, Jamie said. Shes so kind of fragile-looking, you know? And nice, too. We picked her out together, but I got to decide See, Mel said we had to get someone young-someone who had a bigger percentage of life as a soul or something. But not too young, because she knew you wouldnt want to be a child. And then Jared liked this face, because he said no one could ever dis distrust it. You d ont look dangerous at all. You look the other of dangerous. Jared said anyone who sees you would just naturally want to protect you, right, Jared? But then I got the final say, because I was looking for someone who looked like you. And I thought this looked like you. Because she sort of looks like an angel, and youre good like that. And real pretty. I knew you would be pretty. Jamie smiled hugely. Ian didnt come. He just sat here with you-he said he didnt care what you looked like. He wouldnt let anyone else put a finger on your tank at all, not even me or Mel. But Doc let me watch this time. It was way cool, Wanda. I dont know why you wouldnt let me watch before. They wouldnt let me help, though. Ian wouldnt let anyone touch you but him.Ian squeezed my hand and leaned in to whisper through all the hair. His voice was so low that I was the only one who could hear. I held you in my hand, Wanderer. And you were so beautiful.My eyes got all wet, and I had to sniff.You like it, dont yo u? Jamie asked, his voice worried now. Youre not mad? Theres nobody in there with you, is there?Im not mad, exactly, I whispered. And I-I cant find anybody else. Just Pets memories. Pets been in here since I cant remember when she wasnt here. I cant remember any other name.Youre not a parasite, Melanie said firmly, touching my hair, force up a strand and letting the gold slide in the midst of her fingers. This body didnt belong to Pet, but theres nobody else to claim it. We waited to make sure, Wanda. We tried to wake her up almost as long as we tried with Jodi.Jodi? What happened to Jodi? I chirped, my little voice going higher, like a birds, with anxiety. I struggled to get up, and Ian pulled me-it took no effort, no strength to move my tiny new body-into a sitting position with his arm supporting me. I could see all the faces then.Doc, no more tears in his eyes. Jeb, peeking around Doc, his expression satisfied and burning with curiosity at the same time. Next, a woman I didnt recognize for a second because her face was more enliven than Id ever seen it, and I hadnt seen it much anyway-Mandy, the former Healer. Closer to me, Jamie, with his bright, excited smile, Melanie beside him, and Jared behind her, his hands around her waist. I knew that his hands would never feel right unless they were touching her body-my body-now. That he would move her as close as he could forever, hating any inch that came between them. This caused me a fierce, aching pain. The delicate heart in my thin chest shuddered. It had never been broken before, and it didnt understand this memory.It made me sorry to realize that I still loved Jared. I wasnt free of that, wasnt free of jealousy for the body he loved. My glance flickered back to Mel. I saw the rueful twist of the mouth that used to be mine, and knew she understood.I continued quickly around the cluster of faces circling my bed, while Doc, afterward a pause, answered my question.Trudy and Geoffrey, Heath, Paige and Andy . Brandt, evenJodi didnt respond. We kept trying as long as we could.Was Jodi gone, then? I wondered, my inexperienced heart throbbing. I was giving the pathetic frail thing such a rough awakening.Heidi and Lily, Lily smiling a pained little smile-none the less sincere for the painWe were able to keep her hydrated, but we had no way to feed her. We were worried about atrophy-her muscles, her geniusWhile my new heart ached harder than it had ever ached-ached for a woman Id never known-my eyes continued around the circle and then froze.Jodi, clinging to Kyles side, stared back at me.She smiled tentatively, and suddenly I recognized her. felicitousI got to stay, she said, not quite smug but almost. Just like you. She glanced at Kyles face-which was more unemotional person than I was used to seeing it-and her voice turned sad. Im trying, though. I am looking for her. I leave keep looking.Kyle had us put Sunny back when it looked like we would lose Jodi, Doc continued quietly.I stared at Sunny and Kyle for a moment, stunned, and then finished the circle.Ian was watching me with a peculiar combination of joy and nervousness. His face was higher than it should have been, bigger than it used to be. But his eyes were still the blue I remembered. The anchor that held me to this planet.You okay in there? he asked.I I dont know, I admitted. This feels very weird. Every bit as weird as switching species. So much weirder than I would have thought. I I dont know.My heart fluttered again, looking into those eyes, and this was no memory of another lifetimes love. My mouth felt dry, and my support quivered. The place where his arm touched my back felt more alive than the rest of my body.You dont mind staying here too much, do you, Wanda? Do you think that peradventure you could tolerate it? he murmured.Jamie squeezed my hand. Melanie put hers on top of his, then smiled when Jared added his to the pile. Trudy patted my foot. Geoffrey, Heath, Heidi, Andy, Paige, Brandt, and even Lily were beaming at me. Kyle had shuffled closer, a grin spreading across his face. Sunnys smile was the smile of a coconspirator.How much No Pain had Doc wedded me? Everything was glowing.Ian brushed the cloud of golden hair back from my face and set his hand on my cheek. His hand was so big just the palm covered from my jaw to my forehead the contact sent a jerked meat of electricity through my silvery skin. It tingled after that first jolt, and the pit of my stomach tingled along with it.I could feel a warm flush pinking my cheeks. My heart had never been broken before, but it had also never flown. It made me timid I had a hard time finding my voice.I presuppose I could do that, I whispered. If it makes you happy.Thats not good enough, actually, Ian disagreed. It has to make you happy, too.I could only meet his gaze for a few seconds at a time the shyness, so new and confusing to me, had my eyes dropping to my figure out again and again.I think it might, I agreed. I think it might make me very, very happy.Happy and sad, elated and miserable, secure and afraid, loved and denied, diligent and angry, peaceful and wild, complete and empty all of it. I would feel everything. It would all be mine.Ian coaxed my face up until I looked him in the eyes, my cheeks flushing darker.Then you will stay.He kissed me, right in front of everyone, but I forgot the auditory sense quickly. This was easy and right, no division, no confusion, no objection, just Ian and me, the molten rock moving through this new body, melding it into the pact.I will stay, I agreed.And my 10th life began.